Gibbon's _Decline and Fall_ (prejudiced against the Christian Empire, but narrative still unrivalled); Schiller _Geschichte der roemischen Kaiserzeit_, Bd. ii. (church matters a weak point); Ranke, _Weltgeschichte_, Bd. iii. iv. General Church Histories of Neander [translation in Bohn's _Standard Library_]; Kurtz (zehnte Aufl., 1887); Fisher (New York, 1887); also Hefele, _History of the Church Councils_ [translation published by T. & T. Clark]. Articles in _Dictionary of Christian Biography_ (especially those by Lightfoot, Reynolds, and Wordsworth), and in Herzog's _Realencyclopaedie_ (especially _Moenchtum_ by Weingarten). Weingarten's _Zeittafeln z. Kirchengeschichte_ (3 Aufl. 1888). (2.) For special use:-- The whole period is more or less covered by Kaye, _Some Account of the Nicene Council_, 1853; *Stanley, _Eastern Church_ (best account of the outside of the council); Broglie, _L'Eglise et l'Empire romain_; Gwatkin, _Studies of Arianism_, 1882. On Constantine, Burckhardt, _Die Zeit Constantins_, 1853; Keim, _Der Uebertritt Constantins_, 1862; Brieger, _Constantin der Grosse als Religionspolitiker_, 1880. On Julian, English account by *Rendall, 1879; German lives by Neander, 1813 [translated 1850]; Muecke, 1867-69, and Rode, 1877. The French books are mostly bad. For the decline of heathenism generally, Merivale, _Boyle Lectures_ for 1864-65; Chastel, _Destruction du Paganisme_, 1850; Lasaulx, _Untergang des Hellenismus_, 1854; Schultze, _Geschichte des Untergangs des griechisch-roemischen Heidentums_, 1887; also Capes, _University Life in Ancient Athens_, 1877; Sievers, _Leben des Libanius_, 1868. Biographies:--Fialon, _Saint Athanase_, 1877 (slight, but suggestive); Zahn, _Marcellus von Ancyra_, 1867; Reinkens, _Hilarius von Poitiers_, 1864; Fialon, _Saint Basile_, 1868; Ullmann, _Gregorius von Nazianz_, 2 Aufl. 1867 [translated 1851]; Krueger, _Lucifer von Calaris_, 1886; Eichhorn, _Athanasii de vita ascetica Testimonia_, 1886 (in opposition to Weingarten and others); Guldenpenning u. Island, _Theodosius der Grosse_, 1878; various of unequal merit in _The Fathers for English Readers_. On Teutonic Arianism:--Scott, _Ulfilas, Apostle of the Goths_, 1885; Hodgkin, _Italy and her Invaders_, 1880-85; Revillout, _De l'Arianisme des Peuples germaniques_, 1850. For doctrine, the general histories in German of Baur, Nitzsch, 1870; Hagenbach [translated in Clark's _Foreign Theological Library_], and *Harnack, Bd. ii., 1887; Dorner's _Doctrine of the Person of Christ_ [translated in Clark's _Foreign Theological Library_]; *Hort, _Two Dissertations_, 1876 (on Nicene and Constantinopolitan Creeds); Caspari, _Quellen_, Bd. iii. (on Apostles' Creed). On Athanasius, also Voigt, _Die Lehre von Athanasius_, 1861; Atzberger, _Die Logoslehre des hl. Athanasius_, 1880; Wilde, _Athanasius als Bestrijder der Arianen_, 1868 (Dutch).