XVIII. KNOWING YOUR JOB 166 XIX. KNOWLEDGE OF YOUR MEN 176 XX. WRITING AND SPEAKING 182 XXI. THE ART OF INSTRUCTION 196 XXII. YOUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH YOUR MEN 206 XXIII. YOUR MEN'S MORAL AND PHYSICAL WELFARE 213 XXIV. KEEPING YOUR MEN INFORMED 222 XXV. COUNSELING YOUR MEN 228 XXVI. USING REWARD AND PUNISHMENT 240 XXVII. FITTING MEN TO JOBS 246 XXVIII. AMERICANS IN COMBAT 255 APPENDIX I. RECOMMENDED READING 264 CHAPTER ONE THE MEANING OF YOUR COMMISSION Upon being commissioned in the Armed Services of the United States, a man incurs a lasting obligation to cherish and protect his country and to develop within himself that capacity and reserve strength which will enable him to serve its arms and the welfare of his fellow Americans with increasing wisdom, diligence, and patriotic conviction. This is the meaning of his commission. It is not modified by any reason of assignment while in the service, nor is the obligation lessened on the day an officer puts the uniform aside and returns to civil life. Having been specially chosen by the United States to sustain the dignity and integrity of its sovereign power, an officer is expected so to maintain himself, and so to exert his influence for so long as he may live, that he will be recognized as a worthy symbol of all that is best in the national character. In this sense the trust imposed in the highest military commander in the land is not more than what is encharged the newest ensign or second lieutenant. Nor is it less. It is the fact of commission which gives special distinction to the man and in turn requires that the measure of his devotion to the service of his country be distinctive, as compared with the charge laid upon the average citizen. In the beginning, a man takes an oath to uphold his country's Constitution against all enemies foreign and domestic, to bear true faith and allegiance, and to discharge well and faithfully the duties of office. He does this without any mental reservation. Thereafter he is given a paper which says that because the President as a representative of the people of this country reposes "special trust and confidence" in his "patriotism, valor, fidelity, and abilities," he is forthwith commissioned.