A third characteristic of Fiction, which should alone be sufficient
to give it a place among the noblest forms of Art, is that, like
Poetry, Painting, and Music, it becomes a vehicle, not only for the
best thoughts of the writer, but also for those of the reader; so
that a novelist may write truthfully and faithfully, but simply, and
yet be understood in a far fuller and nobler sense than was present
to his own mind. This power is the very highest gift of the poet.
He has a vision and sees a thing clearly, yet perhaps afar off;
another who reads him is enabled to get the same vision, to see the
same thing, yet closer and more distinctly. For a lower intellect
thus to lead and instruct a higher is surely a very great gift, and
granted only to the highest forms of Art. And this it is which
Fiction of the best kind does for its readers. It is, however, only
another way of saying that Truth in Fiction produces effects similar
to those produced by Truth in every other Art.
So far, then, I have shown that this Art of Fiction is the most
ancient of all Arts, and the most popular; that its field is the
whole of humanity; that it creates and develops that sympathy which
is a kind of second sight; that, like all other Arts, its function is
to select, to suppress, and to arrange; that it suggests as well as
narrates. More might be said--a great deal more--but enough has been
said to show that in these, the leading characteristics of any Art,
Fiction is on exactly the same level as her sisters. Let me only add
that in this Art, as in the others, there is, and will be always,
whatever has been done already, something new to discover, something
new to express, something new to describe. Surgeons dissect the
body, and account for every bone and every nerve, so that the body of
one man, considered as a collection of bones and nerves, is so far
exactly like the body of another man. But the mind of man cannot be
so exhausted: it yields discoveries to every patient student; it is
absolutely inexhaustible; it is to every one a fresh and virgin
field: and the most successful investigator leaves regions and tracts
for his successor as vast as those he has himself gone over.
Perhaps, after all, the greatest Psychologist is not the
metaphysician, but the novelist.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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