E Ear control of voice, 28f, 52f. Eating, effect of, on singer’s organism, 19. Ecclesiastical modes. See Modes. Education, musical, viii-ff. _Edward_ (settings of Löwe and Brahms), 275. Egypt, vocal culture in, 30. _Ein Fichtenbaum steht einsam_ (settings of Schumann and Lassen), 307. Eleanor of Aquitaine, 140. Elgar, Edward, 371f. England, (folk-song), 104, 108ff; (mediæval minstrels), 34, 38, 132; (classic song), 167ff; (songs of early 19th cent.), 266, 267f; (late romantics), 298, 326ff; (modern lyricists), 371ff. English ballad-opera, 170ff, 267. English folk-song, 167ff. Enunciation, 66. _Erlking_, (Schubert), 193f, 203, 205, 209, 225; (Löwe), 274. _Es ist bestimmt_ (Mendelssohn), 107. Ethmoid sinus, 15. Expiration, in correct breathing, 5. Expressive style. See Representative style. F Fabricius of Aquapendente, 55f. Falsetto, 62. Farinelli, 44. Fasolo, G. B., 160. Fauré, Gabriel, 347, 349ff. Ferrein (anatomist), 56. Fétis, F. J., cited, 27. Fielitz, Alexander von, 310f. Finck, Henry T., cited, 319. Finland, modern, 370f. Fiorituri, 41. _[The] Fisher_ (folk-song), 119; (Schubert), 212. _[The] Fisher Boy_, (Schubert), 226; (Liszt), 292f. Florid song. See Coloratura, Ornamentation. Folk-song, 25, _70-99_, _100ff_, 147f, 150, 308ff, 337; (English), 110f, 167ff; (Scotch), 111ff; (Irish), 113f; (French), 115f, 164f; (Italian), 116ff, 153, 266ff; (Spanish), 119f, 364ff; (German), 120f, 162f, 191f, 229f; (Scandinavian), 121, 299, 301f; (Hungarian), 122ff; (Russian), 125ff; (Norwegian), 121, 369; (Bohemian), 127f; (Polish), 128; (influence on art-song), 152ff; (compared to early church song), 164f; (influence on Schubert), 205. See also Songs in the folk-manner. ‘Forward tone,’ 64f. Foster, Stephen C., 107, 129, 163f. France, (mediæval minstrels), 133f; (Troubadours), 136ff; (classic song), 164ff, 178ff; (romantic period), 258ff; (late romantics), 298, 313ff. Franck, César, 354f. Franz, Robert, 268ff; (compared with Brahms), 278; (compared with Grieg), 299f; (compared with Hugo Wolf), 334f. French folk-song, 115ff; (in 16th cent.), 164f. French-Canadian folk-songs, 375f. French comic opera, 179. French influence, (on early German song), 164; (on early English song), 168f. French lyricism, modern, 346-363. Frottola, 153. _Funicula_, (Italian folk-song), 103; (Denza), 323. G Gagnon (collector of French-Canadian songs), 118. Galen (anatomist), 55. Galilei, Vincenzo, 154. García, Manuel, 10, 57f. Gastoldi, Giacomo, 153. Geibel, Emmanuel, 330f. German folk-song, 106f, 119, 120ff; (in rel. to the singspiel), 191f. German opera, 176, 228. German vowels, 16.