_It was a Dream_ (settings of Schumann and Lassen), 307. Italian folk-songs, 116f, 153, 266. Italian influence on German music, 164. Italian method of vocal culture, 24-54, 68f. Italian opera, (rise of), 151f, 155ff; (influence of, in Germany), 164; (in England), 170f; (and the aria), 172ff. Italy, (_Trovatori_), 138; (classical song), 151ff; (18th-19th cent.), 265f; (late romantics in), 298, 323. See also Italian folk-songs. J Jadassohn, Salomon, 256. James II, King of England, 169. Japan, primitive song of, 86. Java, primitive music of, 86. Jensen, Adolf, 303, _305ff_. Jerusalem (ancient), vocal culture in, 31f, 40f. _Jesos Ahatonhia_ (old French song), 117. Joke-songs, Italian, 120. Jongleurs, (origin of the name), 132; (music of), 132ff. Jugglers, 132ff. K Kehlkopf. See Larynx. Keiser, Reinhard, 164. Kiesewetter, Raphael Georg, 40. _[The] King of Thule_ (settings of Schubert and Liszt), 226; (Liszt), 293f. Kittredge, G. L. (cited), 75. Kjerulf, Halfdan, 311f. Korbay, Francis Alexander, 126. Kreutzer, Conrad, 228. L Ladré, 181. Lamartine, 260. Laryngeal action, 60f. Laryngoscope, 10, 12f; (influence of on modern voice culture), 45, 55, 57f. Larynx, 6ff. Lassen, Eduard, 307f. Lawes, Henry, 168. Lehman, Liza, 328f. _Leise, leise_ (Weber), 107. Lekeu, Guillaume, 355. Léroux, Xavier, 318f. Lied. See Germany (classic song, etc.). Lieder-singer, art of the, 93f, 97. Liliencron, Detlev von, 331. Lindpainter, Peter Joseph von, 229. Lineva (Mme.), 125ff. Lips (in singing), 3. Liscovius, 56. Lisle, Rouget de, 182. Liszt, Franz, (Hungarian Rhapsodies), 123, 125; (_King of Thule_), 226; (songs), 292ff. _Loch Lomond_, 113. _[Die] Loreley_, (Silcher), 230; (settings by Liszt and Silcher compared), 293. Lortzing, Albert, 228. Love, influence of, on early song, 137, 139f. Love-songs, primitive, 81. Loewe, Johann Carl Gottfried, 226, _272ff_. Ludwig the Pious, 131. Lungs (in singing), 1, 2ff. Lute, 136. Luther, Martin, 147. Lutheran Church, 122, 147. Lydian mode, 167. Lyric form, compared to ballad form, 202. Lyric impulse, 85ff. M MacDowell, Edward, 298, _319ff_. Mackenzie, [Sir] Morell, cited, 18. Madrigal, 149f, 153f, 157; (English), 167. Mahler, Gustav, 336ff. Major mode, 148f, 167. See also Scales. Male soprano, 44. Mancini, Giovanni Battista, 49. Mandl, Louis, 58. Mannstein, Heinrich F., 27, 56f. Mark, Adolph Bernhard, 56f. Marot, Clément, 165. Marschner, Heinrich, 228. _Marseillaise_, 72, 182f. Martinengo-Cæsaresco, Countess, 70f, 80. Marx, Joseph, 345. Massenet, Jules, 317, 358. Mastersingers, rise of, 144ff, 150. Maybrick, M. See Adams, Stephen. Mazarin, Cardinal, 165. ‘Mazarinades,’ 165. Méhul, Étienne Nicolas, 49, 183. Meistersinger (rise of), 144ff, 150.