Fauré and the beginning of the new--Chabrier, César Franck, and others--Bruneau, Vidal, and Charpentier--Debussy and Ravel. XV. MODERN LYRICISTS OUTSIDE OF GERMANY AND FRANCE 364 The new Russian school: Balakireff, etc.; Moussorgsky and others--The Scandinavians and Finns--Recent English song-writers. APPENDIX. THE FRENCH-CANADIAN FOLK-SONG 375 INDEX 380 ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME FIVE ‘Saint Cecilia’; painting by Rubens _Frontispiece_ The Larynx (Line-cuts in text) 6-13 FACING PAGE Apotheosis to Farinelli 44 Manuel García 58 Illustration for the ‘Roman de Fauvel’; fifteenth century print 74 Famous Singers of the Past (Malibran, Rubini, Lablache) 98 Famous Singers of the Past (Jenny Lind, Patti, Schroeder-Devrient, Viardot-García) 152 ‘Das Veilchen’; Fac-simile of Mozart’s manuscript 178 Precursors of Schubert (Hiller, Reichardt, Zelter, Zumsteeg) 192 Poets of the Romantic Period (Hugo, Goethe, Schiller, Heine) 200 Robert and Clara Schumann 238 Robert Franz 268 Famous Singers (Lilli Lehmann, Marcella Sembrich, Melba, Schumann-Heink) 286 Minor Romanticists (Löwe, Jensen, Lassen) 306 Hugo Wolf 332 French and Scandinavian Song-Writers (Fauré, Pierné, Sjögren, Sinding) 346 Lieder Singers of Today (Julia Culp, Ludwig Wüllner, David Bispham, Elena Gerhardt) 364 THE VOICE AND VOCAL MUSIC CHAPTER I THE VOCAL ORGANS, THEIR OPERATION AND HYGIENE The vocal instrument; anatomy of the vocal organs; the healthy mechanism--The larynx; the laryngoscope; operations of the laryngeal muscles--Tone production; the resonating cavities; vowel formation; articulation--Vocal hygiene; incorrect tone production; throat stiffness and its cure.