The art of music, Vol. 07 (of 14) : $b Pianoforte and chamber music
History
The art of music, Vol. 07 (of 14) : $b Pianoforte and chamber music
Music -- History and criticism; Musicians
By far the majority of his suites for the harpsichord, and be it noted
they are for harpsichord and not for organ, are in the orthodox order
of _Allemande_, _Courante_, _Sarabande_, and _Gigue_. The dances are
all constructed upon the same plan, a plan at the basis of which the
new idea of harmony has at last been solidly established. Each piece
is divided neatly into two sections of about equal length, each of
which is repeated. The harmonic groundwork is simple and clear. The
dance opens in the tonic key. If the piece is major it modulates to the
dominant, if minor to the relative major; and in that key the first
section ends. This section having been repeated, the second section
begins in the key in which the first section left off, and modulates
back again, usually through one or two keys, to end in the tonic. The
whole makes a compact little piece, very neatly balanced. It would seem
to be quite sealed in perfection and to contain no possibilities of new
growth; but the short passages of free modulation through which the
second section pursues its way from dominant or relative major back to
tonic contained germs of harmonic unrest which were to swell the whole
to proportions undreamed of.
The change from tonic to dominant and back, with the few timid
modulations in the second section, offered practically all the contrast
and variety there was within the limits of a single piece. Except in
the _sarabande_, the musical texture was woven in a flowing style. The
effect is one of constant motion. A figure, not a theme, predominated.
The opening figure, it is true, was modified, often gave way to quite a
different figure in the dominant key; but the style remained always the
same, and there was but the slightest suggestion of contrast in the way
one figure glided into another.
In the suite as a whole, the uniformity of key which ruled over all
four movements precluded in the main all contrast but the contrast of
rhythm. Yet a few peculiarities of style became associated with each
of the dances and thus gave more than rhythmical variety to the whole.
The counterpoint of the allemande, for example, was more open and more
dignified, so to speak, than that of the fleet, sparkling Italian
courante. In the French courante a counterpoint of dotted quarters and
eighths prevailed, and a shifting between 6/4 and 3/2 rhythm stamped
the movement with a rhythmic complexity not at all present in the
other movements. The second section of the gigue was almost invariably
built upon an inversion of the figures of the first section, and the
solid chord style of the sarabande not only contrasted radically with
the style of allemande, courante, and gigue, but, moreover, beguiled
composers into the expression of personal emotion now noble, now
tender, which put sarabandes in general in a class by themselves amid
the music of that time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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