THE ART OF WAR BY BARON DE JOMINI, GENERAL AND AID-DE-CAMP OF THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA. A New Edition, with Appendices and Maps. TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH BY Capt. G.H. MENDELL, CORPS OF TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY, AND Lieut. W.P. CRAIGHILL, CORPS OF ENGINEERS, U.S. ARMY. Originally published in 1862 PREFACE. In the execution of any undertaking there are extremes on either hand which are alike to be avoided. The rule holds in a special manner in making a translation. There is, on the one side, the extreme of too rigid adherence, word for word and line for line, to the original, and on the other is the danger of using too free a pen. In either case the sense of the author may not be truly given. It is not always easy to preserve a proper mean between these extremes. The translators of Jomini's Summary of the Principles of the Art of War have endeavored to render their author into plain English, without mutilating or adding to his ideas, attempting no display and making no criticisms. To persons accustomed to read for instruction in military matters, it is not necessary to say a word with reference to the merits of Jomini. To those not thus accustomed heretofore, but who are becoming more interested in such subjects, (and this class must include the great mass of the American public,) it is sufficient to say, and it may be said with entire truth, that General Jomini is admitted by all competent judges to be one of the ablest military critics and historians of this or any other day. The translation now presented to the people has been made with the earnest hope and the sincere expectation of its proving useful. As the existence of a large, well-instructed standing army is deemed incompatible with our institutions, it becomes the more important that military information be as extensively diffused as possible among the people. If by the present work the translators shall find they have contributed, even in an inconsiderable degree, to this important object, they will be amply repaid for the care and labor expended upon it. To those persons to whom the study of the art of war is a new one, it is recommended to begin at the article "Strategy," Chapter III., from that point to read to the end of the Second Appendix, and then to return to Chapters I. and II. It should be borne in mind that this subject, to be appreciated, must be studied, map in hand: this remark is especially true of strategy. An acquaintance with the campaigns of Napoleon I. is quite important, as they are constantly referred to by Jomini and by all other recent writers on the military art. U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y. January, 1862. CONTENTS. TRANSLATORS' PREFACE. DEFINITIONS OF THE BRANCHES OF THE ART OF WAR. CHAPTER I. THE RELATION OF DIPLOMACY TO WAR. ART. I.--Offensive Wars to Recover Rights. ART. II.--Wars which are Politically Defensive, and Offensive in a Military View. ART. III.--Wars of Expediency.