_The_ ART & PRACTICE _of_ TYPOGRAPHY [Illustration: THE FIRST PRINTED DECLARATION Fac-simile in reduced size (original type form about twelve by seventeen inches) of the Declaration of Independence officially printed about July 5, 1776. It was this setting of the Declaration that was read before Washington’s army. Reproduced direct from the original in the Congressional minute book of July 4, 1776 ] [Illustration] [Illustration] [Illustration] _The_ ART & PRACTICE _of_ TYPOGRAPHY _A Manual of American Printing_ INCLUDING A BRIEF HISTORY UP TO THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, WITH REPRODUCTIONS OF THE WORK OF EARLY MASTERS OF THE CRAFT, AND A PRACTICAL DISCUSSION AND AN EXTENSIVE DEMONSTRATION OF THE MODERN USE OF TYPE-FACES AND METHODS OF ARRANGEMENT Second Edition [Illustration] _By_ EDMUND G. GRESS EDITOR THE AMERICAN PRINTER AUTHOR THE AMERICAN HANDBOOK OF PRINTING NEW YORK·OSWALD PUBLISHING COMPANY·1917 [Illustration] Copyright, 1917, by the Oswald Publishing Company [Illustration] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ TO THE TYPOGRAPHERS OF THE PAST WHO MADE THE ART HONORED AMONG MEN AND TO THE TYPOGRAPHERS OF THE PRESENT WHO ARE RESTORING TO PRINTING ITS ANCIENT DIGNITY THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE AUTHOR’S PREFACE vii SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS ix LIST OF REPRODUCTIONS xvi LIST OF DESIGNERS xx WHEN BOOKS WERE WRITTEN 1 THE ORIGIN OF TYPOGRAPHY 7 THE SPREAD OF TYPOGRAPHY 13 TYPOGRAPHY IN COLONIAL DAYS 19 TYPOGRAPHY IN THE 19TH CENTURY 27 THE “LAYOUT” MAN 35 HARMONY AND APPROPRIATENESS 41 TONE AND CONTRAST 47 PROPORTION, BALANCE AND SPACING 53 ORNAMENTATION 59 THE TYPOGRAPHY OF BOOKS 67 BOOKLETS, PAMPHLETS, BROCHURES, LEAFLETS 75 CATALOGS 83 PROGRAMS 91 ANNOUNCEMENTS 99