_ Outline Sketches in the High Alps of Dauphiné_, by T. G. Bonney. _ Histoire des Hautes-Alpes_, by J. C. F. Ladoucette. _ Itinéraire du Dauphiné_, by Adolphe Joanne (2nd part). _ Tour du Monde, 1860_, edited by Ed. Charton. _ The Israel of the Alps_, by Alexis Muston. _ A Memoir of Felix Neff_, by W. S. Gilly. Good pictures of Dauphiné scenery are to be found in _Voyages Pittoresques dans l’ancienne France_, by Ch. Nodier, J. Taylor, and A. de Cailleux, and in Lord Monson’s _Views in the Departments of the Isère and the High Alps_. 17 M. Puiseux took for guide a man named Pierre Bornéoud, of Claux in the Val Louise; who had accompanied Captain Durand in 1828. In 1861, the expedition of M. Puiseux was quite forgotten in the Val Louise. I am indebted to M. Puiseux for the above and other details. 18 This is a common saying in Dauphiné. It means that there is usually less snow on the mountains during these days than at any other time of the year. The natives have an almost childish dread of venturing upon snow or glaciers, and hence the period of minimum snow seems to them to be the most favourable time for excursions. 19 See Chapter VII. 20 Monte Viso is not seen from the Lautaret Road. That this is so is seen when one crosses the Col du Galibier, on the south side of which pass the Monte Viso is visible for a short time. 21 It became a regular business. “We find amongst the current accounts of the Bailiff of Embrun this singular article—‘_Item, for persecuting the Vaudois, eight sols and thirty deniers of gold._’”—Muston, vol. i. p. 38. 22 On the 22d of May 1393, eighty persons of the valleys of Freissinières and Argentière, and one hundred and fifty persons of the Val Louise, were burnt at Embrun.—Muston, vol. i. p. 41. 23 See Morland’s _History of the Evangelical Churches of Piedmont_, 1658; Cromwell’s _Acts_, 1658; and Burton’s _Diary_, 1828. 24 The commune of the Val Louise contains at the present time about 3400 inhabitants. This crétin population has been aptly described by M. Elisée Reclus in the _Tour du Monde_, 1860. He says:—“They attain the highest possible development of their intelligence in their infancy, and—abundantly provided with majestic goîtres, which are lengthened and swollen by age—are in this respect like to the ourangoutangs, who have nothing more to acquire after the age of three years. At the age of five years the little crétins have already the placid and mature expression which they ought to keep all their lives.... They wear trousers, and coats with tails, and a large black hat.” 25 “The nucleus of the ‘massif’ is a line protogine, divided by nearly vertical cracks.”—_Dollfus-Ausset._ 26 J. G. Whittier, “Snow-Bound.”