The Order of the Heavenly Movements--Daily Movement of the Sun--Nightly Movements of the Stars--The "Host of Heaven"-- Symbolic of the Angelic Host--Morning Stars--The Scripture View of the Heavenly Order 55 CHAPTER VI. THE SUN The Double Purpose of the Two Great Heavenly Bodies--Symbolic Use of the Sun as Light-giver--No Deification of the Sun or of Light--Solar Idolatry in Israel--_Shemesh_ and _Ḥeres_-- Sun-spots--Light before the Sun--"Under the Sun"--The Circuit of the Sun--Sunstroke--"Variableness"--Our present Knowledge of the Sun--Sir William Herschel's Theory--Conflict between the Old Science and the New--Galileo--A Question of Evidence--A Question of Principle 63 CHAPTER VII. THE MOON Importance of the Moon in Olden Times--Especially to the Shepherd--Jewish Feasts at the Full Moon--The Harvest Moon--The Hebrew Month a Natural one--Different Hebrew Words for Moon-- Moon-worship forbidden--"Similitudes" of the Moon--Worship of Ashtoreth--No mention of Lunar Phases--The Moon "for Seasons" 79 CHAPTER VIII. THE STARS Number of the Stars--"Magnitudes" of the Stars--Distances of the Stars 95 CHAPTER IX. COMETS Great Comets unexpected Visitors--Description of Comets-- Formation of the Tail--Possible References in Scripture to Comets 103 CHAPTER X. METEORS Aerolites--Diana of the Ephesians--Star-showers--The Leonid Meteors--References in Scripture--The Aurora Borealis 111 CHAPTER XI. ECLIPSES OF THE SUN AND MOON Vivid Impression produced by a Total Solar Eclipse--Eclipses not Omens to the Hebrews--Eclipses visible in Ancient Palestine-- Explanation of Eclipses--The Saros--Scripture References to Eclipses--The Corona--The Egyptian "Winged Disc"--The Babylonian "Ring with Wings"--The Corona at Minimum 118 CHAPTER XII. SATURN AND ASTROLOGY The "Seven Planets"--Possible Scripture References to Venus and Jupiter--"Your God Remphan" probably Saturn--The Sabbath and Saturn's Day--R. A. Proctor on the Names of the Days of the Week--Order of the Planets--Alexandrian Origin of the Weekday Names--The Relation of Astrology to Astronomy--Early Babylonian Astrology--Hebrew Contempt for Divination 130 BOOK II THE CONSTELLATIONS CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN OF THE CONSTELLATIONS