Probably the "Signs of the Zodiac"--Babylonian Creation Story--Significance of its Astronomical References--Difference between the "Signs" and the "Constellations" of the Zodiac--Date of the Change--And of the Babylonian Creation Epic--Stages of Astrology--Astrology Younger than Astronomy by 2000 Years-- _Mazzaroth_ and the "Chambers of the South"--_Mazzaloth_--The Solar and Lunar Zodiacs--_Mazzaroth_ in his Season 243 CHAPTER IX. ARCTURUS _‘Ash_ and _‘Ayish_--Uncertainty as to their Identification-- Probably the Great Bear--_Mezarim_--Probably another Name for the Bears--"Canst thou guide the Bear?"--Proper Motions of the Plough-stars--Estimated Distance 258 BOOK III TIMES AND SEASONS CHAPTER I. THE DAY AND ITS DIVISIONS Rotation Period of Venus--Difficulty of the Time Problem on Venus--The Sun and Stars as Time Measurers--The apparent Solar Day the First in Use--It began at Sunset--Subdivisions of the Day Interval--Between the Two Evenings--The Watches of the Night--The 12-hour Day and the 24-hour Day 269 CHAPTER II. THE SABBATH AND THE WEEK The Week not an Astronomical Period--Different Weeks employed by the Ancients--Four Origins assigned for the Week--The Quarter-month--The Babylonian System--The Babylonian Sabbath not a Rest Day--The Jewish Sabbath amongst the Romans--Alleged Astrological Origin of the Week--Origin of the Week given in the Bible 283 CHAPTER III. THE MONTH The New Moon a Holy Day with the Hebrews--The Full Moons at the Two Equinoxes also Holy Days--The Beginnings of the Months determined from actual Observation--Rule for finding Easter--Names of the Jewish Months--Phœnician and Babylonian Month Names-- Number of Days in the Month--Babylonian Dead Reckoning--Present Jewish Calendar 293 CHAPTER IV. THE YEAR The Jewish Year a Luni-solar one--Need for an Intercalary Month--The Metonic Cycle--The Sidereal and Tropical Years--The Hebrew a Tropical Year--Beginning near the Spring Equinox--Meaning of "the End of the Year"--Early Babylonian Method of determining the First Month--Capella as the Indicator Star--The Triad of Stars--The Tropical Year in the Deluge Story 305 CHAPTER V. THE SABBATIC YEAR AND THE JUBILEE Law of the Sabbatic Year--A Year of Rest and Release--The Jubilee--Difficulties connected with the Sabbatic Year and the Jubilee--The Sabbatic Year, an Agricultural one--Interval between the Jubilees, Forty-nine Years, not Fifty--Forty-nine Years an Astronomical Cycle 326 CHAPTER VI. THE CYCLES OF DANIEL