The Aswân Obelisk: With some remarks on the Ancient EngineeringEngelbach, Reginald
History
The Aswân Obelisk: With some remarks on the Ancient Engineering
Engelbach, Reginald
Egypt -- Antiquities; Obelisks
(4) Ropes would almost surely be inadequate to stop the obelisk from
rocking out of control after it had passed its dead centre. The New
York obelisk, when being pulled into a horizontal position about a
specially made trunnion, supposed to be at its centre of gravity, took
charge, snapped the cables and escaped breaking by a miracle.
(5) Ḥatshepsôwet’s standing obelisk has (apparently) jumped forward
nearly a foot in front of its notch. It can be seen, if one pulls
upright a foot-long alabaster obelisk (sold at the Cairo fancy-shops)
with cotton threads that it is impossible to make it jump forward
after passing its dead-centre. What it does, if the pulling is not
very even and square, is to pivot on one of its corners at the
beginning or end of its first rock, with what would be disastrous
results in a large obelisk.
(37) The more usual explanation as to how the erecting was performed is
that the obelisk was pulled on rollers up a long inclined embankment
until it was at a height well above the centre of gravity of the
obelisk. Having been rolled up base foremost, it was tilted over the
end of the embankment, and the earth gradually cut away from below
it until it settled down on to its pedestal, leaning against the
embankment; from thence it was pulled upright (see PETRIE, _Arts and
Crafts of Ancient Egypt_, p. 77, quoted in section 55).
This seems a far more probable method than the last, but from a
practical point of view it leaves a good deal unexplained. Anyone
who has seen, in _sabâkh_ work or elsewhere, earth being cut from
under a stone, or even being itself undercut, knows the way it has of
slipping sideways or any way but the expected—generally on the heads
of one’s workmen. With, say, a 500‐ton obelisk, the undercutting would
be a somewhat delicate business to make it settle down true on to the
pedestal.
The tendency to rock and pivot when being finally pulled upright is not
dealt with. Whatever method the Egyptians used, it was _sure_, and did
not depend on the skill of the men with the hoe and basket.
Before describing the method which I believe was used, it would be well
to consider what means the Egyptians had at their disposal.
(38) Levers must have surely been familiar to the Egyptians; the
constant import of tree-trunks from Syria would furnish them with
the material, and a hundred occurrences in every-day life, such as
extracting a stone with the point of a hoe would suggest to them the
application. The occurrence of a lever in the filling of a tomb at
El-Bersheh is published by M. Daressy in _Annales du Service_, vol. I,
p. 28, where he remarks: “On a retrouvé une branche d’acacia taillée en
biseau à une extrémité qui avait dû servir de ciseau et de levier pour
soulever le couvercle”.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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