If this results from simple eddy diffusion, as some scientists believe, it is a case of diffusion at a very high rate. Other scientists suggest that other factors may have contributed to the vertical transport of the radionuclides to these depths. Still others believe that the strontium-90 and cesium-137 might not have originated with the U. S. Pacific tests at all, but rather with Russian tests in the Arctic taking place at about the same time. They propose the theory that a syphoning effect in the Bering Strait causes a current to flow out of the Arctic Ocean and down under the surface waters of the western Pacific. In support of this, Japanese researchers cite a dissolved oxygen content where these measurements were made that is different from that of other deep water in the area. If this theory should be proved correct, it would be the first indication that such a current exists. Similar investigations have been conducted of the variations in depth of strontium-90 concentration in the Atlantic Ocean. In February 1962, when fallout from 1961 nuclear tests was high, tests south of Greenland showed that mixing of fallout was fairly rapid through the top 800 meters of water. At greater depths a colder, saltier layer of water contained only about half as much strontium-90, confirming other evidence that interchange between water masses of different physical and chemical properties is comparatively low. Work such as this has emphasized the difficulty in making meaningful measurements of man-made radiation in the ocean. One problem is to separate the artificially produced radiation from the natural radiation, namely that from potassium-40 (which accounts for 97% of oceanic radiation) and from the radionuclides, such as tritium, carbon-14, beryllium-7, beryllium-10, aluminum-26, and silicon-32, created in the stratosphere naturally by cosmic-ray bombardment. [Illustration: _In 1955 a scientific team aboard the U. S. Coast Guard vessel_ Roger B. Taney _conducted a survey of ocean fallout in the western Pacific. They collected marine organisms and water samples at various depths on their 17,500-mile, 7-week journey._]