[Illustration: _Frontispiece._ FIG. 1. THEATRE AT ATHENS, FROM THE EAST.] THE ATTIC THEATRE A DESCRIPTION OF THE STAGE AND THEATRE OF THE ATHENIANS, AND OF THE DRAMATIC PERFORMANCES AT ATHENS BY A. E. HAIGH LATE FELLOW OF CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, OXFORD THIRD EDITION REVISED AND IN PART RE-WRITTEN BY A. W. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, M.A. FELLOW OF BALLIOL COLLEGE WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS MCMVII HENRY FROWDE, M.A. PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD LONDON, EDINBURGH NEW YORK AND TORONTO _Made and Printed in Great Britain_ PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION My purpose in this book has been to collect and piece together all the available information concerning the outward features and surroundings of the old Athenian dramatic performances; in other words, to write a history of the Attic drama from the theatrical, as opposed to the literary, point of view. The subject is one which has been practically revolutionized during the last half-century, partly through the labours of various scholars in interpreting the notices of the old grammarians, but more especially owing to the rich discoveries of inscriptions relating to theatrical affairs, and the information supplied by excavations in the old Greek theatres. But in spite of the copious accession of fresh materials, it is now more than fifty years since any work has appeared in English, in which this particular department of Greek dramatic history has been treated in a comprehensive manner. The neglect is all the more remarkable, as the subject is undeniably of great interest and importance, and this for two reasons. In the first place it is difficult to understand and appreciate the peculiar qualities of the existing Greek plays, without acquiring some knowledge of the circumstances under which they were produced, and the limitations within which the ancient dramatic poets had to work. In the second place, as the Attic drama was essentially a public institution, and formed one of the most conspicuous elements in the national life, the various details connected with its management are incidentally most instructive, because of the light which they throw upon the habits, feelings, and tastes of the old Athenians. It is owing to these several considerations that the present work has been undertaken.