The Attic theatre : $b a description of the stage and theatre of the Athenians, and of the dramatic performances at AthensHaigh, A. E. (Arthur Elam)
History
The Attic theatre : $b a description of the stage and theatre of the Athenians, and of the dramatic performances at Athens
Haigh, A. E. (Arthur Elam)
Athens (Greece) -- Intellectual life; Greek drama -- History and criticism; Theater -- Greece -- Athens -- History -- To 500
The general character of the dancing in the Greek drama has already
been described. As far as details are concerned our information is very
defective, and only slight indications are to be obtained from the
existing plays. It is probable that, when the parodoi commenced with
a series of anapaests, the chorus only marched in, without dancing.
But all parodoi written in lyrical metres were undoubtedly accompanied
with a dance. The iambic and trochaic tetrameters, in which many of
the parodoi in Aristophanes are written, seem to have been generally
intended for choruses which entered running, and with an appearance
of great haste.[948] The stasima, or long choral odes between the
acts, are said by many of the scholiasts to have been unaccompanied by
dancing, and to have been delivered by the chorus standing perfectly
still.[949] The statement is no doubt an error, due to false etymology.
The stasima, or ‘stationary songs’, were so called, not because the
chorus stood still during their delivery, but because it remained all
the time in the orchestra. They were therefore opposed to the parodoi,
which were delivered while the chorus was coming in, and to the exodoi,
which were delivered while it was going out.[950] That the stasima were
accompanied by dancing is proved by several references to dancing which
they contain.[951] A tradition has been preserved by one scholiast
concerning the manœuvres of the chorus in the stasima. It is said that
during the strophe they moved to the right, during the antistrophe
to the left; and that during the epode they remained standing in the
same position as at first.[952] This description, however, has probably
been applied to the drama by mistake. A manœuvre of the kind mentioned,
though suitable to the circular chorus of the dithyramb, would be out of
place in the rectangular formations of the dramatic choruses. Also it is
comparatively rare to find epodes in the stasima. As for the incidental
odes, which occur in the middle of the dialogue, many of those were
written in the lively hyporchematic style, to mark the joy of the chorus
at an unexpected turn of fortune. Some of the regular stasima were of
the same type.[953] The dances by which these odes were accompanied were
extremely brisk and energetic, in tragedy as well as in comedy.[954] The
exodoi, or concluding utterances of the chorus, were not usually attended
with dancing, but were delivered in recitative as the chorus marched
out. There is an exception in the Wasps and the Ecclesiazusae, which are
terminated by the chorus dancing out of the orchestra. But Aristophanes
himself remarks that this was an innovation.[955] There is no reason to
suppose that in tragedy the kommoi, or musical dialogues between actors
and chorus, were unaccompanied with dancing. But naturally, if this was
the case, the dance would be of a quiet and sober kind, consisting more
of appropriate gestures and motions than of dancing in the modern sense
of the word.
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