The attitudes of animals in motion, illustrated with the zoopraxiscopeMuybridge, Eadweard
Science
The attitudes of animals in motion, illustrated with the zoopraxiscope
Muybridge, Eadweard
Animal locomotion
We shall see by reference to stride No. 5 the consecutive supporting feet
to be:
1. The left hind foot.
2. The left hind and left fore feet--_laterals_.
3. The left fore foot.
4. The left fore and right hind feet--_diagonals_.
5. The right hind foot.
6. The right hind and right fore feet--_laterals_.
7. The right fore foot.
8. The right fore and left hind feet--_diagonals_.
The right fore foot being raised, the horse is again in the first
position.
The amble and the walk are the only regular progressive movements of the
horse wherein the body is never without the support of one or more legs,
in all others the weight is entirely off the ground for a longer or
shorter period.
_The Rack or Pace._
The rack differs from the trot in the nearly synchronous action of the
_laterals_ instead of the _diagonals_.
In some countries the rack is naturally adopted by the horse as one of
his gaits, but it is probably caused by the effects of training exercised
over many generations of his ancestors.
The movements already described are regular in their action, and a stride
may be divided into two parts, which are essentially similar to each
other.
_The Canter_
and the gallop, however, cannot be so divided, and a complete stride in
either of those gaits is a combination of several different movements.
The canter is usually regarded as a slow gallop, probably from the
facility with which a change from one gait to the other can be effected;
an important difference will, however, be observed.
Assuming a horse after his propulsion through the air, during a stride of
10 feet, to have just landed on his left hind foot, the right hind foot
will be on the point of passing to the front of the left. The left fore
leg will be thrust forward and nearly straight, while the right fore leg
will be flexed with the foot elevated about 12 inches from the ground,
and somewhat behind the vertical of the breast. The left fore foot being
brought to the ground, the body is supported by the laterals; the right
hind foot is, however, quickly lowered, and performs its share of
support. The left hind foot is then raised, and the right hind and left
fore legs assume the weight, the former being nearly vertical, and the
latter inclined well back, the right fore foot is thrust well forward,
and is just about to strike the ground; when it does, three feet again
share the support, they being the two fore and the right hind. The left
fore foot now leaves the ground, and we again find the support furnished
by the laterals, the right instead of, as before, the left.
The right hind foot is raised when the right fore leg becomes vertical;
this latter, which now sustains the entire weight, gives the final effort
of propulsion, and the body is hurled into the air.
The descent of the left hind foot completes the stride, and the
consecutive movements are repeated.
In stride No. 7 we learn that during the canter the support of the body
is derived from
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