_G. canifrons_ apparently came to the Palaus from either New Guinea or the region of the Bismarck Archipelago, evolving from _G. beccarii_ or some related form. The Palau Ground Dove has a copper-colored occiput, nape, and shoulder patch, but otherwise it resembles this Melanesian species, _G. beccarii_. Amadon (1943:20) discusses two types of plumage of females in _G. stairi_; one is a male type of plumage. The lack of female specimens prevents me from determining whether this characteristic is present in _G. canifrons_. Coultas (field notes) had difficulty in obtaining even one specimen of _G. canifrons_ in the Palaus in 1931. He concluded that either the bird was practically extinct or that he just could not find it. From the experience of the NAMRU2 party in the southern Palaus in 1945, I would think that he merely did not find the bird. Although it is probably rare in comparison with some other members of the family Columbidae of these islands, we found this bird on most of the islands visited. The NAMRU2 party arrived at Palau expecting to find the ground dove a fairly conspicuous member of the avifauna and expecting to see it sitting in trees and flying across the roads much in the same manner as did the ground dove at Guam, _G. x. xanthonura_. At first, we did not find the bird, but in the dense jungles a low, penetrating, and intermittent, call was heard which may be described as a moan. This was the call of the ground dove. The bird was difficult to discover because its color blended so well with the shadows and dark background of the coral rocks and forest litter. The bird was very active and moved along rapidly pecking at food particles. Also it was wary. Once the distinctive call note was recognized, it was not difficult to locate the area in which the bird was living; however, finding the bird was difficult. On one occasion I stalked a dove for at least a half an hour knowing that it was always within fifty yards of me. A bird that was flushed, flew about twenty-five feet and dropped down in open forest litter and disappeared. On the basis of specimens collected and call notes heard, I estimate that the population of the Palau Ground Dove on the islands visited in 1945 was as follows: Peleliu--a minimum of 15 (found in most forested areas which were not greatly damaged by the invasion operations); Garakayo--a minimum of 10 (the doves were found to live equally well on the steep hillsides or in flat jungle on this islet); Ngabad--5 to 10 (doves were heard in several areas on this small islet); Angaur--not estimated (one call was heard in brush near the edge of a fresh water lake). =Gallicolumba xanthonura xanthonura= (Temminck) White-throated Ground Dove _Columba xanthonura_ Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 32, 1823, pl. 190. (Type locality, Mariannes.) _Columba xanthonura_ Lesson, Compl. de Buffon, 2nd ed., 2, Oiseaux, 1838, p. 281 (Mariannes).