_Evolutionary history of Gallicolumba in Micronesia._--There have been two unrelated invasions of Micronesia by the genus _Gallicolumba_. One invasion established _G. canifrons_ at the Palau Islands. The other established the populations of _G. xanthonura_ in the Caroline and Mariana islands, Mayr (1936:4) points out that _G. xanthonura_ is related to _G. jobiensis_ (New Guinea and Northern Melanesia), _G. erythroptera_ (Society and Tuamotu islands), and _G. rubescens_ (Marquesas Islands). This group may be regarded as a superspecies. The adults of _G. jobiensis_, the male and female, resemble one another. In both, the head, neck, and auriculoloral stripes are sooty-black; the eye stripe, chin, throat, and breast are white; the abdomen is dark; and the upper parts are blackish with a coppery sheen. Immatures are rusty-brown. _G. xanthonura_ is closely related to _G. jobiensis_, and they conceivably, along with _G. erythroptera_, might be considered conspecific. The close relationship between the _G. xanthonura_ in Micronesia and _G. erythroptera_ has been noted by Oustalet (1896:71). Among named kinds, _G. x. kubaryi_ most closely resembles _G. jobiensis_ with sooty-black coloring present on the head. The male and female of _G. x. kubaryi_ closely resemble each other, although immature type of plumage may occur in adult females as indicated by the immature plumage of a bird containing well-developed eggs taken at Ponapé by Coultas. In _G. x. xanthonura_ the male lacks the sooty-black head and has lost some of the coppery sheen from the middle of the back. The female has taken on the immature type of plumage, except for occasional near-male type plumage. In _G. erythroptera_ the male has lost some of the sooty-black coloring on the forehead, anterior crown, and loral area and some of the coppery sheen in the middle of the back. The female of _G. erythroptera_ resembles the female of _G. x. xanthonura_ except that the throat and breast are faintly outlined by the brownish color. The head and malar stripe are also outlined in this manner. Some females have some coppery gloss on the shoulder and a few white feathers on the breast; these may be considered as in the near-male type of plumage.