_Remarks._--_Psamathia_ has the habit of a typical bushwarbler, occurring in jungle undergrowth and along woodland margins. In 1945, specimens were obtained by the NAMRU2 party in the scrub vegetation which was growing over the devastated battle areas of Peleliu. The bird was not common in this habitat, nor was it very numerous on the smaller offshore islands. Coultas (field notes) found the bird to be rather tame and frequently to live close to human habitation. Its call, as noted by Coultas, is a loud whistle that breaks off into a beautiful song. The bird is quick in its movements; one seen by the writer at Ngabad was constantly moving about in low, second-growth vegetation and was making a low, whistling call. The resemblance of _Psamathia_ to _Rukia palauensis_ is noteworthy. These two unrelated birds live together in jungle areas, although _Psamathia_ is perhaps confined more to the forested undergrowth and is more solitary in its habits. Aside from its longer legs and bill, _Psamathia_ closely resembles _Rukia_ in shape and coloration. They appear to have developed along somewhat similar evolutionary lines with regard to structure, color and ecologic requirements. The Palau Warbler was first discovered by Captain Tetens and described as belonging to a new genus by Hartlaub and Finsch (1868a:5). In the original description the authors remark that, "The generic position of this new form is in the _Calamoherpe_ group; the feet are the same as in _Calamoherpe_; but the beak is weaker and slenderer, and the wings are very different. _Calamoherpe_ has the first quill quite spurious, the third is the longest, and the second and sixth are subequal. In _Calamoherpe_ there are twelve tail-feathers; in _Psamathia_ I can find only ten. _Tatare_ is a very different form, with a scutellated tarsi, a very different structure of the plumage, a much more elongated beak, and a twelve-feathered tail. _Tatare syrinx_ is a typical Calamoherpe. In the structure of the wing of _Psamathia_, there seems to be a great resemblance to the genus _Arundinax_ of Blyth, a form with which it is not in my power to compare." The genera _Calamoherpe_ and _Tatare_ are now included in _Acrocephalus_; the describers were comparing the Palau Warbler with the reed-warblers of Micronesia and Polynesia. Sharpe (1883:93) writes that the Palau Bush-warblers are "Aberrant reed warblers, and should, in my opinion, be placed in future classifications of the Cichlomorphae near the genera _Cettia_ and _Acrocephalus_, from which they are separated by their larger first primary only. Through _Megalurus_ and _Sphenoeacus_ they approach the grass-warblers and Cisticolae especially."