bark, basswood, 15 birch, 9, 55, 60, 63, 96, 120, 132, 147, 148, 154; description, 14-15; selection and preparation, 24-26; handling, 29-31; use in building canoes, 41-51 butternut, 213 chestnut, 15, 213 cottonwood, 15 elm, 15, 212 ff. hickory, 15, 213, 217 spruce, 15, 17, 24, 132, 158, 212, 213, 216 white pine, 213 bark cover, piecing, 42, 43, 45, 55; Micmac, 63; Beothuk, 98; Algonkin, 120; Western Cree, 132, 133; fur-trade, 147, 148; kayak-form, 162 Barrière, Lake, 107, 146 basket (pack), in fur trade, 143 basswood, bark, 15 bateau, 13 bateau-shape canoe, 159-161 batten (in skin boat construction), 186, 188 ff., 195 ff., 199, 204 ff., 208 Beard, Daniel, 4 Beaver (Indians), 154; kayak-form canoe, 159 Beothuk (Indian tribe), 6, 94-98 canoe, 94, 95; dimensions, 94, 98; form, 96; keel, 96, 97, 98; reconstruction of, 96 ff. Bering Sea, 195 Bering Strait, 182, 189, 199 bifid bow, 196, 197 big river canoe, 58, 65 birch bark, 9, 55, 60, 63, 96, 120, 132, 147, 148, 154; description, 14-15; selection and preparation, 24-26; handling, 29-31; use in building canoes, 41-51 bladder, skin (float), 194 Boas, Franz, 189, 204 boat, Arctic skin, 174-212; Viking, 187; temporary skin, 219-220; bull, 220 Bogoras, Vladimir, 183 bola (hunting), 194 bone fittings, kayak, 193, 204, 208, 211 Bonshere River, Ontario, 113 bottom-frame, kayak-form canoe, 160 ff. bow drill, 19, 20 breakwater, canoe, 162, 166, 167; kayak, 196 British Columbia, 5; kayak-form canoe, 165; sturgeon-nose canoe, 168 bucksaw, 23 building bed, locating, 37; preparation of, 37; stakes, 40, 41, 45 ff., 146, 148; repair to, 41; of plank, 56, 146, 147; Micmac, 62, 63; Malecite, 72, 73, 74; St. Francis, 91, 92; Beothuk, 96, 97; Eastern Cree, 101; Algonkin, 116; Ojibway, 127; Western Cree, 132; fur-trade, 146, 147; narrow-bottom, 158; kayak-form, 161; sturgeon-nose, 173; temporary canoe, 216, 219 building frame, 26, 37, 54 ff.; Eastern Cree, 101; Algonkin, 115, 116; Ojibway, 127; Western Cree, 132; fur-trade, 140, 141, 146, 147; narrow-bottom, 158; kayak-form, 161; sturgeon-nose, 173 bull-boat, 220 butternut bark, 213 camber (rocker of bottom), 28, 37, 38, 41 (see also rocker)