canoe, birch bark, Adney on, 4 ff.; scale models of, 4, 5; plans of, 5, 6; speed of, 7, 29, 137; origin of name, 13; requirements for, 27; types, 27; forms discussed, 27-36 ff., 59 (see also under tribal types); tribal classification, 27 ff. (see under tribal names); effects of bark characteristics on, 29 ff.; construction discussed, 36-57 (see also under tribal types); compared with Eskimo skin boat, 193 elm bark, 212, 219 hickory bark, 213, 217 skin, 219-221; moosehide, 72, 219; temporary, 219-221 spruce bark, 132, 158, 212, 213, 216 temporary, 219-221 canoe awl, 21 canoe birch (see under bark) canoe brigade, 152 canoe building, Trois Rivières factory, 13, 135, 136; for fur trade, 135, 136, 146 ff., 148 ff.; at Hudson's Bay Company Posts, 151 canoe ends, details of construction, 34, 35, 36; Micmac, 58, 59; Malecite, 70, 76, 77, 155, 156; Chipewyan, 156, 157; Dogrib, 156, 157; slave, 157, 158; kayak-form, 158, 159; sturgeon-nose, 168 canoe loading, fur-trade, 144, 145, 152, 153 canoe portaging, 122, 151, 152 canoe roads, 138 canoe sails (see sails) canoe shoes, Malecite, 79, 80 canoe types, Abnaki, 88-89 Alaskan, 55 Algonkin, 113-122 Beaver, 159 Beothuk, 94-98 Big River, 58, 65 bateau-shape, 159-161 British Columbia, 165, 168 Chipewyan, 155-158 Cree, Central, 34; Eastern, 101-106; Western, 132-134, 155 crooked, 99, 100, 106 Dogrib, 155-158 express, 137, 141 fur-trade (see under fur-trade) hunting (Micmac), 58, 65, 70 kayak-form (see under kayak-form) light, 137, 141 long nose, 125, 130, 132 Loucheux, 161, 166 Mackenzie Basin, 159, 161, 162 Montagnais, 34, 99, 100, 106 Malecite, 34, 36-57, 70-93, 114, 115, 219, 221 Micmac, 12, 27, 34, 58-69 Nahane, 159 narrow-bottom, 113, 114, 135, 154-158 Northwest, 154, 155-157 (narrow-bottom); 158-168 (kayak-form) Ojibway, 122-131 one-piece, 212 open-water, 58, 64, 65 Passamaquoddy, 74, 75, 82, 83 Peterborough, 65 porpoise hunting, 74, 75 portage, 58, 65, 123 Restigouche, 65 river (Malecite), 70-79 St. Francis, 88-93, 114, 115 skiff-canoe, 65 Slave, 155-158 straight-bottom, 100, 101, 106, 155 sturgeon-nose, 154, 168-173 temporary, 212-219 Têtes de Boule, 34, 107-112, 116, 122 ~V~-bottom, 74 ff., 89, 96, 98, 100, 107, 113 war, 10, 58, 65, 70 wide-bottom, 54 woods, 58, 65 Western Cree, 72, 132-134, 155 Yukon River, 159, 164, 165, 166, 190 _canot_ (canoe), 13; _du maître_ (see fur-trade canoe), 99, 106, 135; _du nord_ (see fur-trade canoe), 151, 153; _léger_ (see light canoe), 137 Cape York, 208 Carib Indians, 13 Caribou Eskimo kayak, 204 caribou-skin boat, 220 Cartier, Jacques, 7, 68