stem-piece, 34, 35, 36; construction, 48, 49; root as, 55, 132; Micmac, 60; Eastern Cree, 101, 104; Têtes de Boule, 109; Algonkin, 113, 114, 119 Ojibway, 123, 125, 127; plank, 125, 155, 156, 160, 164; Western Cree, 132; fur-trade, 150; narrow-bottom, 156, 157; kayak-form, 164; sturgeon-nose, 168, 169; temporary skin canoe, 218 stitching bark cover, 43, 44; temporary canoe, 220 (see also sewing, lashing) stone tools, 17-20; use of, 18; cutting edge, 18 straight-bottom canoe, 100, 101, 106, 155 Strut (headboard brace), 123, 150 sturgeon-nose canoe, 154, 168-173; British Columbia, 168; ends, 168; size, 172, 173 Superior, Lake, 113, 122, 123, 125 Taconnet Indians, 88 tamarack (hackmatack), in canoe construction, 16 Tanana Indians, 154 tapering wooden members, 19, 118 tarpaulin (in fur trade), 142, 143 Temiscaming, Lake, 147 temporary canoe, 212-219 Têtes de Boule Indians, 107 canoe, 107-112, 116, 122; sheathing, 34; described, 107-112; dimensions, 107; construction, 108 ff., 112 Teton Indians, 133 thong braces, umiak, 186, 187, 190 throwing stick, 194 thwarts, 19, 38, 40; fitting of ends, 32, 56; location, 32, 37, 40; supporting on building bed, 46, 47; Micmac, 61, 62; St. Francis, 90; Eastern Cree, 101; Têtes de Boule, 110; Algonkin, 117, 121; Ojibway, 127; Western Cree, 132; fur-trade, 147, 150; narrow-bottom, 158; kayak-form, 160, 162, 166, 167; sturgeon-nose, 169; umiak, 182, 187; kayak, 195 ff., 199, 208; rough construction of, 213, 216; temporary skin canoe, 219 Timagami (Ontario), Lake, 125, 131, 151 tomahawk, 21 tongs, wooden, 20 topsail, umiak, 183 Tonti, Chevalier Henri de, 8 tools, primitive, 17-20; modern, 20-24 tree felling, 18 treenail, 190, 192 Trois Rivières, 13 tumble-home (incurving of upper sides of canoe), Micmac, 60; Malecite, 73, 75, 78 tump line, 122, 143 Two Mountains, Lake of, 113