The basic facts of economics : $b A common-sense primer for advanced studentsPost, Louis F. (Louis Freeland)
General
The basic facts of economics : $b A common-sense primer for advanced students
Post, Louis F. (Louis Freeland)
Economics
Some of the Economically desirable things which are included
colloquially and for business accountings in the term “wealth” are
truly Wealth in the technical Economic sense, let us repeat, since
they are Artificial Objects produced by Man from and upon Natural
Resources--that is to say, by Labor from and upon Land. But others
are not at all in the Wealth category, and putting them there has no
other Economic result than confusion. Such of them as consist solely
of Natural Resources belong in the Land category. Artificial Objects
alone belong in the Wealth category. Deeds, mortgages, bank balances,
money in hand, corporation stocks and the like, belong in no Economic
category at all below the surface of customary titles to property.
They are nothing but evidences of legal title to property of any
kind--Natural Resources, Artificial Objects, Man himself when and where
ownership of Man by Man is conventional.
To illustrate that species of confusion, for the importance of precise
discrimination in Economic thought cannot be overemphasized in Economic
study, a farm is often accounted “wealth” or “capital” in colloquial
and business usage. So of its purchase “price” or “value,” and also of
a mortgage upon it. Yet its purchase price and a mortgage are merely
evidences of title to property. Neither of them is Wealth or Capital
within the meaning of precise Economic terminology. If they were, the
more the mortgages upon a farm the more valuable it would be. A farm
the purchase price of which is ten thousand dollars would be worth
fifteen thousand if it were mortgaged for five, and seventeen if it
carried a second mortgage for two. And that would be absurd. The farm
itself really consists of a combination of Artificial Objects and
Natural Resources--that is to say, of Wealth and also of Land--two
radically different things as matter of Economic discrimination. Its
site is a Natural Resource, its untilled soil is a Natural Resource,
the space which it and its surrounding atmosphere occupy are Natural
Resources. All those characteristics are in the Land category. But its
artificial enrichments of soil by tillage or other human activity, and
artificial replacements of exhausted or partly exhausted fertility, the
fencing and the ditching and the buildings, what are they? what can
they be but Artificial Objects, and therefore in the Wealth category?
Nor is this conclusion vitiated by the fact that permanent improvements
of the soil or location by means of drainage or “made land” or the
like may with lapse of time lose their artificial characteristics in
consequence of an ultimate natural merging with the site.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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