The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto CampaignKemp, Louis Wiltz
History
The Battle of San Jacinto and the San Jacinto Campaign
Kemp, Louis Wiltz
San Jacinto, Battle of, Tex., 1836; Texas -- History -- Revolution, 1835-1836
The chilling news of Fannin’s defeat, reaching the Texas forces on March
25, impelled many to leave the ranks, to remove their families beyond
the Sabine. Those remaining clamored for action, but Houston decided to
continue his retreat. On the 26th, keeping his own counsel, he marched
his army five miles. On the 27th the column reached the timbers of the
Brazos River bottoms, and on the 28th arrived at San Felipe de Austin,
on the west bank of the Brazos. On the 29th the army marched six miles
up the river in a driving rain, and camped on Mill Creek. On the 30th
after a fatiguing tramp of nine miles, the army reached a place across
the river from “Bernardo,” on one of the plantations of the wealthy
Jared E. Groce, and there camped and drilled for nearly a fortnight.[1]
When the _ad interim_ Texas government at Washington-on-the-Brazos
learned of the Mexicans’ approach, in mid-March, it fled to Harrisburg.
President David G. Burnet sent the commander-in-chief, a caustic note,
prodding him to stop his retreat and fight. Secretary of War Thomas J.
Rusk arrived at the camp April 4 at Burnet’s direction, to urge Houston
to a more aggressive course.
Houston having shown no disposition to fight, Santa Anna decided to take
possession of the coast and seaports, as a step in his plan to round up
the revolutionists. Crossing the Brazos at Fort Bend (now called
Richmond) on the 11th, the Mexican general proceeded on April 14 on the
road to Harrisburg, taking with him about 700 men and one twelve-pounder
cannon. Urrea was at Matagorda with 1200 men; Gaona was somewhere
between Bastrop and San Felipe, with 725; Sesma, at Fort Bend, with
about 1,000, and Vicente Filisola between San Felipe and Fort Bend, with
nearly 1800 men.
[Illustration: Route of Sam Houston’s army (line of crosses) from
San Felipe to San Jacinto, with stops at Groce’s, Donoho’s,
McCurley’s, Burnett’s, White Oak Bayou (Houston), and Harrisburg.]
Santa Anna arrived at Harrisburg on the 15th. There he learned that the
Burnet government had gone down Buffalo Bayou to New Washington (now
Morgan’s Point), about eighteen miles southeast. Burning Harrisburg,
Santa Anna sped after them. On the 19th when he arrived at New
Washington he learned that the Texas government had fled to Galveston.
Santa Anna then set out for Anahuac, via Lynchburg.
THE ROAD TO SAN JACINTO
Meanwhile, on April 11th, the Texans at Groce’s received two small
cannon, known to history as the “Twin Sisters,” a gift from citizens of
Cincinnati, Ohio. Thus fortified, General Houston, after a consultation
with Rusk, decided to move on to the east side of the Brazos. The river
being very high, the steamboat “Yellow Stone” and a yawl were used to
ferry the army horses, cattle and baggage across. The movement began on
the 12th and was completed at 1 p.m. on the 13th.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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