TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. Footnote anchors are denoted by [number], and the footnotes have been placed at the end of the alphabetical ‘CYCLOPÆDIA’ section, and the ‘APPENDIX’ section. Minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book. THE BATTLES OF THE WORLD; OR, CYCLOPÆDIA OF BATTLES, SIEGES, AND IMPORTANT MILITARY EVENTS, The Origin and Institution of Military Titles, &c. &c., ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED, WITH AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, FROM THE CREATION TO THE PRESENT DAY. DEDICATED BY PERMISSION TO GENERAL SIR JOHN MICHEL. BY REV. J. DOUGLAS BORTHWICK, AUTHOR OF “CYCLOPÆDIA OF HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY,” “THE BRITISH AMERICAN READER,” AND “THE HARP OF CANAAN.” Montreal: PUBLISHED BY JOHN MUIR; AND PRINTED BY JOHN LOVELL, ST. NICHOLAS STREET. 1866. Entered, according to Act of Provincial Parliament, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, by JOHN MUIR, in the Office of the Registrar of the Province of Canada. To General Sir John Michel, K. C. B., Commanding the Forces in British North America, As a small mark of respect to the highest Military Authority in these Provinces, and a token of esteem for one of the Generals of that glorious army which has fought and conquered in every age of its country’s history, and in almost every clime,-- Whose flag has braved a thousand years The battle and the breeze; And whose actions constitute NOT a small portion of the “Battles of the World,” This work is dedicated BY THE AUTHOR. MONTREAL, August 1866. PREFACE. Within the last decade of the history of Great Britain, some very important books have been added to her literature, and especially to that particular division which treats of her wars and splendid victories, during the same period. “The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World,” by Sir E. S. Creasy, Chief Justice of Ceylon; “The Twelve Great Battles of England,” inscribed to the British Volunteers of 1860; “England’s Battles by Sea and Land,” “Russell’s Crimea and India,” “Emerson’s Sebastopol,” &c., are valuable in themselves, as describing those victories which have raised “Dear Old England” to the _very first_ rank among the nations. But the object of the present publication embraces a larger and more extended field of research. It embraces the whole of the principal battles, by land and sea, that have EVER taken place, from the earliest recorded action of which we have in history any distinct and reliable information, to the very last event of military importance which has transpired previous to going to press.