Fairy Land 172 Tropical Forests 179 Structure of Trees 185 Ages of Trees 188 Meadows 192 Downs 194 CHAPTER VI MOUNTAINS 201 Alpine Flowers 205 Mountain Scenery 206 The Afterglow 213 The Origin of Mountains 214 Glaciers 227 Swiss Mountains 232 Volcanoes 236 Origin of Volcanoes 243 CHAPTER VII WATER 249 Rivers and Witchcraft 251 Water Plants 252 Water Animals 253 Origin of Rivers 255 The Course of Rivers 256 Deltas 272 CHAPTER VIII RIVERS AND LAKES 277 On the Directions of Rivers 279 The Conflicts and Adventures of Rivers 301 On Lakes 312 On the Configuration of Valleys 323 CHAPTER IX THE SEA 335 The Sea Coast 337 Sea Life 344 The Ocean Depths 351 Coral Islands 358 The Southern Skies 365 The Poles 367 CHAPTER X THE STARRY HEAVENS 373 The Moon 377 The Sun 382 The Planets 387 Mercury 388 Venus 390 The Earth 391 Mars 392 The Minor Planets 393 Jupiter 394 Saturn 395 Uranus 396 Neptune 397 Origin of the Planetary System 398 Comets 401 Shooting Stars 406 The Stars 410 Nebulae 425 ILLUSTRATIONS FIG. PAGE 1. Larva of Choerocampa porcellus 53 2. Bougainvillea fruticosa; natural size. (After Allman) 107 3. Do. do. magnified 108 4. Do. do. Medusa-form 109 5. Medusa aurita, and progressive stages of development. (After Steenstrup) 110 6. White Dead-nettle 124 7. Do. 125