For Preadamites see Winchell’s _Preadamites_ (Chicago, 1880), and the works of M’Causland. For prehistoric and borderland libraries generally in the Mediterranean region the various works of Mosso may be consulted, especially the _Dawn of Mediterranean civilisation_, ch. 2, pp. 11-43, “The Origin of Writing,” and still better, Evans’ _Scripta Minoa_ which is a classic. For prehistoric western Europe, J. Déchelette’s _Manuel d’archéologie prehistorique Celtique et Gallo-Romaine_, v. 1., (Paris, 1908), is most comprehensive for a first survey of a very extensive field. In the matter of primitive tribes Frobenius’ _Childhood of man_ (Philadelphia, 1909), although curiously sketchy and aggravatingly brief, seems to be authoritative enough, and certainly gives the layman in these matters a good idea in short space of the anthropological aspects of the subject. One of the very best sources easily accessible to all for getting first clear impressions as to the use for record by primitive man of all the prephonetic methods of record is F. W. Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico_. Smithsonian Institute, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 30, Pt. 1 and 2. 59th Congress, 1st Session, House Documents v. 61 and 62. Among the many articles some of the best, but by no means the only useful ones, are the following: Adornment, Calumet, Color symbolism, Dramatic representations, Engraving, Featherwork, Fetish, Hairdressing, Knots, Labrets, Mourning, Ornament, Painting, Pictographs, Prayer sticks, Quillwork, Scalping, Shrines, Sign language, Signals, Tattooing, Totem poles, Wampum. Add to this for the African tribes Miss Kingsley’s _West Africa_ and Dennett’s _At the back of the Black Man’s mind_. For the enormous literature on tattooing see the list of hundreds of books and articles in the catalogue of the Library of the U. S. Surgeon General’s Office. For the quipu an article by L. Leland Locke on _The ancient Quipu, a Peruvian knot record_ is given in the American Anthropologist v. 14, 1912, pp. 325-32. This gives a modern point of view, has excellent illustrations and its author promises a bibliography of the extensive literature immediately. For message sticks there is a long chapter with illustrations in A. W. Howitt, _The native tribes of South East Australia_ (London, 1904, pp. 691-710). An accessible first reference for pebble records and the abacus is the chapter on systems of numeration in W. W. R. Ball’s _History of mathematics_ (London, 1888), pp. 114-19, also, and perhaps even better, J. Gow’s _A short history of Greek mathematics_ (Cambridge, 1884), pp. 26-40. Cf. also article on the abacus in the Pauly-Wissowa Encyclopedia. In the matter of the votive offerings W. H. D. Rouse’s _Greek Votive Offerings_ (Cambridge, 1902), is a most suggestive and readable, while detailed and scholarly book.