Respecting the formation of the New Testament canon, the Rev. Dr. Roswell D. Hitchcock says: "The new book of records was, like the old, set down by eye-witnesses of and actors in its scenes, closely after their occurrence; its successive portions were cautiously scrutinized and clearly distinguished as entitled to reception; when the record, properly so-called, was completed, the new canon was closed" ("Analysis of the Bible," p. 1149). "This process was rapid and decisive; it had in all probability become substantially complete before the death of John, the last of the apostles" (Ibid, p. 1158). That these statements, popularly supposed to be true, are wholly untrue will be demonstrated by the facts presented in this and succeeding chapters. The Christian canon was not completed before the death of the last apostle. The New Testament did not exist in the time of the apostles. It did not exist in the time of the Apostolic Fathers. It was not in existence in the middle of the second century. There was no New Testament in the time of Papias. Dr. Samuel Davidson, the highest Christian authority on the canon, says: "Papias (150 A.D.) knew nothing, so far as we can learn, of a New Testament canon" ("Canon of the Bible," p. 123). Justin Martyr knew nothing of a New Testament canon. I quote again from Dr. Davidson: "Justin Martyr's canon (150 A.D.), so far as divine authority and inspiration are concerned, was the Old Testament" (Ibid, p. 129). For nearly two centuries after the beginning of the Christian era, the Old Testament--the Old Testament alone--constituted the Christian canon. No other books were called scripture; no other books were considered inspired; no other books were deemed canonical. Founding of the Canon. To Irenæus, more than to any other man, belongs the credit of founding the Roman Catholic church; and to him also belongs the credit of founding the New Testament canon, which is a Roman Catholic work. No collection of books corresponding to our New Testament existed before the time of Irenæus. He was the first to make such a collection, and he was the first to claim inspiration and divine authority for its books. Dr. Davidson says: "The conception of canonicity and inspiration attaching to New Testament books did not exist till the time of Irenæus" ("Canon," p. 163). At the close of the second century the Christian world was divided into a hundred different sects. Irenæus and others conceived the plan of uniting these sects, or the more orthodox of them, into one great Catholic church, with Rome at the head; for Rome was at this time the largest and most influential of all the Christian churches. "It is a matter of necessity," says Irenæus, "that every church should agree with this church on account of its preeminent authority" ("Heresies," Book 3).