{164a} Juan Alvarez y Mendizabal was a more or less Christianized Jew, who began his career as a commissariat contractor to the national army on the French invasion in 1808. Born in 1790, he rendered important services to Spain, until in 1823 he was compelled, like so many of his liberal compatriots, to take refuge in England from the tyranny of Ferdinand VII. Abroad as well as at home, he displayed his great talent for finance for the benefit of Spain, and returned in 1835 as Minister of Finance in the Toreno Administration. He resigned in 1837, was again called to power in 1841, and died in 1853. {164b} The honourable George Villiers was our Minister at Madrid from 1833 to March, 1838, when, having succeeded to the title of his uncle as Earl of Clarendon, he returned to England, where in course of time he became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Foreign Minister. {166a} I have been so far unable to discover the name of this gentleman. {166b} Mendizabal, as has been said, was a Jew by race. {168} The word “cigarette” was not yet naturalized in England. The thing itself was practically unknown; even cigar was sometimes spelt _segar_. {169} _Ojalateros_, criers of _ojala_; Arab. _Inshallah_, “if it please God,” “would to God.” _Pasteleros_, pastry-cooks, “wishers and dishers.” {170a} See the Glossary. {170b} “A gypsy matron without honour spoke to her man of blood.” {170c} These are not fanciful names. Francisco Montes, who was born in 1805, was not only a celebrated _matador_, but the author of a work on Tauromachia; he appeared in the ring for the last time in 1850, and died in 1851. _Sevilla_ was the name borne by many less distinguished _toreadores_; Francisco Sevilla, the _picador_, who appeared for the last time in 1838, is perhaps the man referred to. _Poquito Pan_, or Bit of Bread, was the Tauromachian nickname of Antonio Sanchez, one of the favourite _picadores_ in the _cuadrilla_ or band of Montes. {171} A gallows-show. Yet, as will be seen in the text, the gallows or _furca_ itself is no longer used. {172} Peace, pity, and tranquillity. {174a} _Manolo_ is a somewhat difficult word to translate; it is applied to the flash or fancy man and his _manola_ in Madrid only, a class fond of pleasure, of fine clothes, of bull-fights, and of sunshine, with a code of honour of their own; men and women rather picturesque than exemplary, and eminently racy of the soil. {174b} In 1808. {175} At the last attack on Warsaw, when the loss of the Russians amounted to upwards of twenty thousand men, the soldiery mounted the breach, repeating, in measured chant, one of their popular songs, “Come, let us cut the cabbage,” etc.—[Note by Borrow.] See the Glossary, _s.v. Mujik_. {176} “Another glass; come on, little Englishman, another glass.” {177a} See note on chap. x. p. 138.