Child development; Infant psychology; Motor ability in children
I have appropriated these words of Dr. Joseph Le Conte because the
general reader is not likely to see them where they were originally
printed, in a little university study, and it is a pity to let the
general reader miss so good an introduction to the subject. Not all
learned men rate baby biography as highly as Dr. Le Conte does; but
probably all biologists do, and those psychologists who are most
strongly impressed with the evolutionary interpretation of life.
It is easy to see why one’s views of evolution affect the matter.
In botany, for instance, we do not think that we can understand the
mature plant by studying it alone, without knowledge of its germinating
period. If we omitted all study of radicle and plumule and cotyledon,
we should not only lose an interesting chapter from the science, but
even the part we kept, the classification and morphology and physiology
of the grown plant itself, would be seriously misunderstood in some
ways. So in other sciences: it is necessary to understand how things
came to be what they are, to study the _process of becoming_, so to
speak, before the completed result can be understood. This is what we
mean by “the genetic method” of studying a subject.
Now, in proportion as one believes that the faculties of the human mind
unfold by evolutionary law, like a plant from the germ, he will feel
the need of studying these also genetically. As we find them in our
grown selves, they are often perplexing. What seems a single complete,
inborn faculty may really be made up of simpler ones, so fused together
by long practice that they cannot be discerned. We know that this is
the case with seeing. For instance, we give a glance at a ball, and see
its form with a single act of mind. Yet that act became possible only
after long drill in putting simpler perceptions together. Many a test
of form, turning objects over and over, passing the hands round and
round them, learning the absence of corners, the equality of diameters,
did we go through in babyhood, many an inspection by eye, many an
exercise of memory, connecting the peculiar arrangement of light and
shade with the form as felt, before we could “see” a ball. Had this
been understood in Froebel’s time, it would have made a material
difference in his suggestions as to sense training in earliest infancy.
So other powers that seem simple and inborn may perhaps be detected in
the act of forming themselves out of simpler ones, if we watch babies
closely enough, and it may lead us to revise some of our theories about
education.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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