Child development; Infant psychology; Motor ability in children
Now in all this one significant thing appears. Sensations had from the
first the quality of being agreeable or disagreeable. The baby could
not wish, prefer, and choose, for she had not learned to remember and
compare; but she could like and dislike. And this was shown plainly
from the first hour by expressions of face--reflex facial movements,
so firmly associated in the human race with liking and disliking that
the most inexperienced observer recognizes their meaning at once. It
is said that facial expression comes by imitation, and that the blind
are therefore deficient in it; but this is not true of these simplest
expressions: they come by inheritance, and are present in the first
hour of life. A look of content or discontent, the monotonous cry, and
vague movements of limbs, head, and features,--these are the limits of
expression of feeling in the earliest days.
It would seem that in this sense condition there was nothing that could
give the baby any feeling of inner or outer, of space or locality. We
have some glimpse of the like condition ourselves,--when people say
after an explosion, for instance, that it “seemed to be inside their
own heads,” or when we try to locate a cicada’s note, or when we feel
diffused warmth.
Here is the conception I gathered of the dim life on which the little
creature entered at birth. She took in with a dull comfort the gentle
light that fell on her eyes, seeing without any sort of attention or
comprehension the moving blurs of darkness that varied it. She felt
motions and changes; she felt the action of her own muscles; and,
after the first three or four days, disagreeable shocks of sound now
and then broke through the silence, or perhaps through an unnoticed
jumble of faint noises. She felt touches on her body from time to time,
but without the least sense of the place of the touch (this became
evident enough later, as I shall relate in its order); and steady
slight sensations of touch from her clothes, from arms that held her,
from cushions on which she lay, poured in on her.
From time to time sensations of hunger, thirst, and once or twice of
pain, made themselves felt through all the others, and mounted till
they became distressing; from time to time a feeling of heightened
comfort flowed over her, as hunger and thirst were satisfied, or
release from clothes, and the effect of the bath and rubbing on her
circulation, increased the net sense of well-being. She felt slight
and unlocated discomforts from fatigue in one position, quickly
relieved by the watchful nurse. For the rest, she lay empty-minded,
neither consciously comfortable nor uncomfortable, yet on the whole
pervaded with a dull sense of well-being. Of the people about her, of
her mother’s face, of her own existence, of desire or fear, she knew
nothing.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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