Professor Preyer thinks that his baby showed habit memory as early as the first week, perceiving a new food to be different from the old. Our baby (who knew no food but mother’s milk) experienced a new taste once or twice, when dosed for colic, and never showed the faintest sense of novelty at it till she was six weeks old. Then she was given a little sugar for hiccoughs, and made a face of what seemed high disgust over it; but this particular face has been observed more than once, and is known to be common in babies at a new taste, even a pleasant one. It seems to be caused by a sort of surprise affecting the face muscles. A few days later the baby showed surprise more plainly. She lay making cheerful little sounds, and suddenly, by some new combination of the vocal organs, a small, high crow came out--doubtless causing a most novel sensation in the little throat, not to speak of the odd sound. The baby fell silent instantly, and a ludicrous look of astonishment overspread her face. Here was not only evidence of the germs of memory, but also the appearance of a new emotion, that of genuine surprise; and, like fright, it is one that is closely related to simple nerve shock. From being startled to being surprised (as to being frightened) is not a long step. I have just spoken of the baby as making little sounds. This was a new accomplishment. Until a few days before, she had made no sounds except some inarticulate fretting noises, the occasional short outcry when startled, and the “dismal and monotonous” cry that began with the first day. This original cry was clearly on the vowel _â_ (as in fair), with a nasal prefix--_ngâ_; but late in the sixth week it began to be varied a little. In the fretting, too, a few syllables appeared. The new sounds were mostly made in the open throat, and grew out of the old _ngâ_ by slight changes in the position of the vocal organs--_ng_, and _hng_, and _hng-â_; but now and then there was a short _wă_, _gă_, or _hă_, or even a lip sound, as _m-bă_. It has been said that the broad Italian _ä_ is of all sounds the easiest, the one naturally made from an open throat: but the records show both German and American babies beginning with the flat _â_ or shorter _ă_. Our baby scarcely used any other vowel sound for weeks yet. Little sounds of content, too, began in the sixth week--mainly inarticulate grunts and cooing murmurs; but in the course of the seventh week, besides the sudden crow, there were a few tiny shouts,--_a-a-ha_,--a gurgle, and some hard _g_ sounds, _ga_, and _g-g-g_, which passed in the eighth week into a roughened _gh_, a sort of scraping, gargling sound, not in the English language.