Child development; Infant psychology; Motor ability in children
Of all a baby’s doings this toe business is the one that people find it
most impossible to regard with scientific seriousness. But its indirect
usefulness is considerable. The coöperation of different parts of the
body that it teaches is remarkable; and it must have great influence in
extending the sense of self to the legs and feet, where it has hitherto
seemed but weakly developed. This is important in getting the body
ready for standing and walking.
The baby now showed intelligence in her actions in several little ways,
such as tugging with impatient cries at her mother’s dress when she
wanted her dinner, and leaning over to pluck at the carriage blanket,
under which her mother had laid some flowers to keep them from her. She
slipped a long-handled spoon farther down in her hand to get the end of
the handle into her mouth (almost exactly the same act as the one that
Darwin thought first showed “a sort of practical reflection” in his
child at about the same age: the boy slipped his hand down his father’s
finger, in order to get the finger tip into his mouth). In the second
week of the month she began to watch things as they fell, and then to
throw them down purposely, to watch them falling.
I have already mentioned certain doubtful imitations in the fourth
month, and a clearer one in the fifth. Now the baby began to imitate
unmistakably. Her uncle had a fashion of slapping his hand down on the
table by way of a salutation to her, and one day (when she had passed a
week of her sixth month) she slapped down her little hand in return.
The next day as soon as her uncle came in, she began to slap her hand
down, watching him, delighted to repeat the movement back and forth, as
long as he would keep it up. She would imitate me also when I did it;
and in the course of the month several other little imitations occurred.
I have already spoken of the great importance psychologists attach
to imitation. Professor Baldwin makes it the great principle of
development in child and race--all evolution one long history of
its workings; but he uses the word in a far wider sense than the
ordinary one, tracing “imitation” from the mechanical repetition
of life-preserving motions by the lowest living things, up to the
spiritual effort of men and women to live up to their own highest
ideals. Even using the word in its ordinary sense, we know what a
potent force in the little one’s education imitation is. The age,
however, at which it is most efficient is considerably later than the
sixth month, and it did not count for much yet with our baby.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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