Child development; Infant psychology; Motor ability in children
Can we help suspecting a period, somewhere in the remote ages, when
the baby’s ancestry dwelt amid the treetops, and learned to stand by
balancing on one branch while they held by a higher one? when they
edged along the branch, holding on above, but dropped to all-fours
and crept when they came to the ground now and then to get from tree
to tree? The whole history of the baby’s movements points to this:
the strong arms and clinging hands, from birth; the intense impulse
to _pull up_, even from the beginning of sitting; the way in which
standing always begins, by laying hold above and pulling up; the slow
and doubtful development of creeping, as if the ancestral creature had
been almost purely a tree-dweller, with no period of free running on
all-fours.
Tree-dwelling creatures, living on the dainties of the forest,
fruit and nuts and eggs and birds, are better nourished than the
ground-roaming tribes; but that is not half the story. The tree mothers
cannot tuck their babies away in a lair and leave them; the tree babies
cannot begin early to scramble about, like little cubs--their dwelling
is too unsafe. There is nothing for it but the mother’s arms; the
baby must be held, and carried, and protected longer than the earth
babies. That was the handicap of the tree life, our ancestors might
have thought--the helpless babies. But, as we have seen in an earlier
chapter, it was that long, helpless babyhood that gave the brain its
chance to grow and made us human.
At eleven months old our little girl could stand alone as long as she
cared to, though perhaps it was not till the next month that she felt
altogether secure on her feet. She could climb up and down stairs with
perfect ease. She could walk held by one hand, but she did not care
to, and creeping was still her main means of getting anywhere.
Her understanding of speech had grown wonderfully, and as she was
docile in obeying directions, I could always find out whether she knew
a thing by name by saying, “Point to the rose,” or “Bring the book to
aunty,” and thus found it possible to make out a trustworthy list of
the words she knew: fifty-one names of people and things; twenty-eight
action words, which she proved she understood by obeying (“give” and
“sit down,” and the like), and a few adverbial expressions, like
“where” and “all gone”--eighty-four words in all, securely associated
with ideas. She understood them in simple combinations, too, such as,
“Bring mamma Ruth’s shoes;” and often, where she did not know all the
words in a sentence, she could guess quite shrewdly from those she did,
interpreting our movements vigilantly.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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