The Biotic Associations of CockroachesRoth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Science
The Biotic Associations of Cockroaches
Roth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Cockroaches; Insects -- Ecology
This (pl. 30, A) is a tropical species frequently imported into northern
localities with bunches of bananas (Comstock, 1912; Cloudsley-Thompson,
1953). Adults measure 3 to 4 inches across with bodies over an inch
long. They seldom leave their resting places during the day, but are
active at night and search for food. The female does not spin a web
(Bryan, 1915; Gertsch, 1949). The spider turns the cockroach over onto
its back at the instant of seizure and holds it firmly against the
substrate. The cockroach dies in 10 minutes and is gradually rolled up
by the spider as it sucks out the nutriment (Moore _in_ Williams et al.,
1931). The spider does not attempt to bite when captured, but if it
does, its bite is said to be painful but not dangerous
(Cloudsley-Thompson, 1953). Zimmerman (1948) found scores of
_Periplaneta australasiae_ breeding in rock piles in Hawaii; also
present were large numbers of these spiders and centipedes which
presumably preyed upon the cockroaches.
Family THERIDIIDAE
=Latrodectus indistinctus= Pickard-Cambridge
_Common name._--Button spider.
_Natural prey._--_Karnyia discoidalis_, South Africa, Western Cape
Province (Hesse, 1942): The nest is constructed on the ground among
grass stems or other vegetation. Preferred sites are slight hollows,
hoof imprints, etc. Nests are roughly tubular. The remains of insects
are entangled in the walls of the nest where they form dense
accumulations. Predatory activities of the spider are limited to an area
close to the tubular entrance to the nest and do not extend beyond the
trapping strands near the entrance. Capture is dependent upon accidental
contact of the insect with sticky threads surrounding the entrance. This
spider apparently attacks any insect or arachnid that becomes entangled
in the nest. In an examination of 40 nests, remains of 6 _K.
discoidalis_ were found.
=Latrodectus mactans= (Fabricius)
_Common names._--Black widow, hourglass, or shoe-button spider.
_Natural prey._--Cockroaches, Puerto Rico (Petrunkevitch, 1930). U.S.A.,
Florida, on shipboard (Anonymous, 1939): This is a presumptive host
record, as the spiders were not reported as having been seen eating
cockroaches; however, heavy infestations of both were found together.
Family LYCOSIDAE
=Lycosa helluo= Walckenaer
_Experimental prey._--Young nymphs of _Diploptera punctata_, U.S.A.
(Eisner, 1958): Larger nymphs and adults repelled the spider by ejecting
a repellent secretion, which has been identified as a mixture of
_p_-benzoquinone and its derivatives by Roth and Stay (1958).
=Lycosa= sp.
_Experimental prey._--_Supella supellectilium_, U.S.A. (Roth and Willis,
unpublished data, 1953): The lycosid (pl. 30, B-E) was probably _L.
avida_ Walckenaer (tentatively identified by Dr. B. J. Kaston from a
photograph).
Order ACARINA
Family PHYTOSEIIDAE
=Blattisocius tineivorus= (Oudemans)
_Synonymy._--_Blattisocius triodons_ Keegan [Baker and Wharton, 1952].
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