The Biotic Associations of CockroachesRoth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Science
The Biotic Associations of Cockroaches
Roth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Cockroaches; Insects -- Ecology
_Number of parasites per oötheca._--In _Eurycotis floridana_: In the
laboratory, 3 oöthecae that had been exposed to 20 female wasps yielded
an average of 648 parasites (range 606 [from original data] to 685)
(Roth and Willis, 1954b). In _Neostylopyga rhombifolia_: One oötheca
yielded 73 parasites (Pemberton, 1941). In _Parcoblatta_ sp.: Two
oöthecae yielded an average of 100 parasites (Edmunds, 1953a). In
_Periplaneta americana_: 100 parasites per oötheca (Seín, 1923); 140
(Schmidt, 1937); 25 (Rau, 1940a); 7-38, average 33 (Usman, 1949); 71
(Wolcott, 1951); 4 oöthecae exposed to 20 female wasps yielded an
average of 204 wasps (range 164 [from original data] to 261) (Roth and
Willis, 1954b); average of 30-40 (Cameron, 1955); 39 oöthecae yielded an
average of 93 parasites (range 12-187) (Edmunds, 1955). In _Periplaneta
australasiae_: Oöthecae yielded an average of 40-50 adult parasites
(Cameron, 1955); about 50 (Shaw, 1925).
_Sex ratio._--3 [F][F]:1 [M] (Usman, 1949); 4 [F][F]:1 [M] (Cameron,
1955); 2-8 [F][F]:1 [M] (Roth and Willis, 1954b); 1.2 [F][F]:1 [M]
(Edmunds, 1955). Parthenogenesis exists; the unfertilized eggs produced
only males (Roth and Willis, 1954b; Edmunds, 1955).
_Distribution._--Probably worldwide. Eastern and southern U.S.A.;
Central and South America; Europe; Arabia; Africa; India; Formosa;
Hawaii.
=Tetrastichus periplanetae= Crawford
_Natural hosts._--_Periplaneta americana_, Mozambique (Crawford, 1910);
Union of South Africa (parasites reared from oöthecae collected in
Durban, Natal, by the City Health Department): The parasites were
identified by Burks (personal communication, 1956). Jamaica (Gowdey,
1925); Réunion Island (Bordage, 1913).
"Domestic cockroach," Puerto Rico (Wolcott, 1951).
=Tetrastichus= sp. I
_Taxonomy._--Burks (personal communication, 1956) stated that this
species (specimens of which are in the U.S. National Museum) is very
close to _T. hagenowii_.
_Natural hosts._--_Periplaneta americana_, Union of South Africa
(parasites reared from oöthecae collected in Durban, Natal, by the City
Health Department [Burks, p. c., 1956]).
_Periplaneta australasiae_, Manila, Philippine Islands (Burks, p. c.,
1956).
=Tetrastichus= sp. II
_Synonymy._--Because of the war, Cros (1942) could not determine this
insect specifically. He designated it provisionally and with reserve
under the name _Eulophus_ sp. However, Burks (p. c., 1956) stated that
the species is most certainly a _Tetrastichus_ from the description
given; but, it is apparently not _T. hagenowii_ because of its brilliant
steel-blue color.
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