The Biotic Associations of CockroachesRoth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Science
The Biotic Associations of Cockroaches
Roth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Cockroaches; Insects -- Ecology
_Natural host._--_Blatta orientalis_, Algeria (Cros, 1942): _Adult
behavior._--Mating began as soon as wasps emerged from an oötheca. Males
mated repeatedly. Adults lived up to 5 days in summer and up to 12 days
in fall. There were up to four generations per year in the laboratory.
_Oviposition._--Wasps oviposited into oöthecae 6, 22, 40, and 43 days
old, and the parasites developed successfully. More than one female
oviposited into the same oötheca. Oviposition was of long duration.
_Development._--From egg to eclosion took an average of 34 days in
summer (range: 30-38 days, 5 oöthecae), and an average of 67 days in
fall (range: 58-73 days, 3 oöthecae). An average of 55 parasites
developed per oötheca (range 21-105, 5 oöthecae); over 130 wasps emerged
from a sixth oötheca. _Sex ratio._--10-20 [F][F]:1 [M].
HOST SELECTION BY EGG PARASITES
The nature of the oviposition stimulus(i) for the wasp parasites of
cockroach eggs is unknown. Edmunds (1954) noted that _Prosevania
punctata_ showed more interest in oöthecae that had been cemented to the
substrate than in clean oöthecae that had simply been dropped. Cros
(1942) experimented with two females of _P. punctata_ to see if the
wasps could find oöthecae that had been buried in sand by the oriental
cockroach. After prospecting the sand with their antennae, the wasps dug
deep excavations with their front legs but always mistook the location
of the oöthecae. Cros suggested that the wasps were misled by the odor
left in the jar by the cockroaches. It is quite possible that odor helps
the wasp find the host oötheca.
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