_Natural host._--_Epilampra abdomen-nigrum_, British Guiana (Williams, 1928): _Nesting site._--Burrows, about 2 inches deep and lenticular in cross section, are dug in the ground in well-drained, partly sheltered areas; also old _Podium_ nests are used. _Behavior._--The wasp stings the cockroach to helplessness and flies with it back to her nest where the host may recover from the sting; one or more cockroaches are stored per nest; the egg is deposited behind the forecoxa while the cockroach is still outside the burrow. The nest is sealed with mud. The larva feeds on most of the cockroach and leaves only some heavily sclerotized portions in the cell. In 153 nests examined, there was an average of 2.2 ± 0.08 [standard error computed from cited data] cockroaches per cell; four nests contained five cockroaches apiece. Of the 331 cockroaches in the nests, only 6 percent were adults. _Development._--Egg hatches in about 2 days; larva feeds about 4 days and pupates about 2 weeks later; adult emerges about 10-12 days later. =Podium haematogastrum= Spinola _Natural host._--_Epilampra_ sp., Brazil, Pará (Williams, 1928): The female wasp (fig. 7, B) burrows into the surface of termite mounds, in banks, and in level ground. This wasp's behavior is similar to that of _P. flavipenne_. There was an average of 1.6 cockroaches (fig. 7, C) per cell in 74 nests examined. Of the 121 cockroaches collected, 28 percent were adults. Under artificial conditions, the life cycle varied from about a month to 45 days or more. =Podium luctuosum= Smith _Natural host._--_Parcoblatta virginica_, female, U.S.A., New York (Pate, 1949). _Distribution._--U.S.A.: New York to Texas (Murray, 1951). =Podium rufipes= Fabricius _Natural hosts._--"Wood roaches," British Guiana (Howes, 1917, 1919); Brazil (Williams, 1928): Nesting sites were clay column nests on houses, sides of stumps, or forest trees; banks; termite mound. Variable numbers of cockroaches were placed in the nests with one wasp egg attached behind forecoxa of the last host. The egg hatches in 2 days, the larva pupates about 2 weeks later, and the adult emerges 24 days later. =Podium= sp. _Natural host._--_Epilampra conferta_, Brazil (Poulton, 1917): The burrow contained several cockroaches of the same species. ANTS PREDACEOUS ON COCKROACHES A large roach endeavored to escape by crossing the main front of the army. The creature made several powerful jumps, but each time it touched the ground ... its legs were grasped by the fearless ants.... In the end it fell ... and was instantly torn to bits and carried to the rear.... Another ant with the body of a wood roach was assisted by a worker who held the carrier's abdomen high in the air out of the way of her burden, all the way to the nest. HOWES (1919) Family FORMICIDAE