The Biotic Associations of CockroachesRoth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Science
The Biotic Associations of Cockroaches
Roth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Cockroaches; Insects -- Ecology
_Madagascar._--Thought to have been introduced into the cave entrance by
man (Chopard, 1945, 1949a).
IN MINES
_Great Britain._--In a coal mine at Pontewydd where they had been
established for some years (Lucas, 1916). In the Pentre Pit mine where
they were abundant (Lucas, 1918). Abundant in a Welch mine 2,166 feet
below the surface (Lucas, 1925). This species was found quite commonly
in a number of South Wales coal mines; in one deep mine a white-eyed
mutant form comprised about 5 percent of the cockroach population for
the preceding 11 years (Jefferson, 1958).
_India, western Bengal._--Very numerous in coal mines where the sole
food apparently was human faeces (Chandler, 1926).
_South Africa._--Numerous in four deep-level gold mines on the
Witwatersrand.
_Sumatra._--Numerous males and females from Sawah Lunto "'from a coal
mine where they lived in great numbers on the faeces of miners'"
(Hanitsch, 1929).
=Periplaneta australasiae=
_Sarawak._--Found swarming on walls of caves and in soft bird guano in
company with _Symploce cavernicola_ (Moulton, 1912).
_Tonkin._--Chopard (1929a); Colani (1952).
=Periplaneta cavernicola=
_Malaya._--Taken on walls of inner caverns, where they were particularly
abundant (Chopard, 1919).
=Periplaneta lata=
_Tonkin._--Chopard suggested that its presence in caves is probably
linked with man (Chopard, 1929a; Colani, 1952).
=Periplaneta= sp.
_Malaya._--From a cave in Jalor (Annandale et al., 1913).
=Perisphaerus= sp.
_Malaya._--The wingless females and nymphs mined in bats' guano in a
cavern of the Jalor caves (Annandale, 1900).
=Polyphaga aegyptiaca=
_Turkmen S.S.R._--Females found in front part of Bakharden bat cave on
several occasions (Vlasov, 1929).
_Turkey._--At Magharadjik and Arab Dede, found in caves with various
other animals (Lindberg, 1954).
=Polyphaga= sp.
_Burma._--Hsin Dawng Cave, S. Shan States, 1 immature male under stone
in complete darkness (Chopard, 1924b).
=Pycnoscelus niger=
_Tonkin._--Apparently not an accidental inhabitant as nymphs were
present (Chopard, 1929a; Colani, 1952).
=Pycnoscelus striatus=
_Malaya._--Found burrowing in bats' guano at entrance to caves in
Selangor, where it was very abundant 50 to 600 feet from entrance; also
on walls of inner cavern (Chopard, 1919, 1929). In the absence of other
evidence, the presence of _P. striatus_ in a cave indicates that bats
also inhabit the cave (Chopard, 1929a).
=Pycnoscelus surinamensis=
_Assam._--Found 300 to 400 feet from entrance of Siju cave in the Garo
Hills (Chopard, 1924b).
_South Celebes._--Hanitsch (1932).
=Spelaeoblatta gestroi=
_Burma._--Chopard stated that this species shows marked characteristics
of adaptation to a life in darkness (Bolívar, 1897; Annandale, 1913;
Chopard, 1919).
=Symploce breviramis=
_South Celebes._--Hanitsch (1932).
=Symploce cavernicola=
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