The African mountain cockroach _Aptera fusca_ has been observed during late summer and early winter in familial groups beneath loose bark, under stones, and in dead leaves (Skaife, 1954): "Each party consists of a number of black young ones, together with one, two or more adult females and perhaps a winged male or two. Later on they scatter and live more or less solitary lives." In Malaya Karny (1924) often found phoraspidine females between leaves surrounded by about 20 young nymphs. He stated that one also often found females of _Perisphaerus armadillo_ surrounded by pale, yellowish-white young; similarly he had observed that _Archiblatta hoevenii_ was found mostly in colonies made up of mothers and their young. The duration of these associations is not known. Saupe (1928) noticed that the newly hatched nymphs of _Blaberus craniifer_ (see footnote II, p. 322) collected together under the body of their mother and stated that this is as pronounced a case of brood care as Zacher had observed with _Pycnoscelus surinamensis_. Nutting (1953) stated that "A degree of maternal solicitude is exhibited by this roach [_B. craniifer_], for many times I have observed the female to remain motionless for an hour or more with her unpigmented brood clustered around and beneath her body." We, too, have observed similar behavior in laboratory colonies of _B. craniifer_ and _Leucophaea maderae_. Chopard (1950) noted that after hatching the young of _Gromphadorhina laevigata_ remained grouped around the female for some time; the mother stood motionless, high on her legs, with her thorax curved up to make room for the brood which hid under her body. We (unpublished data, 1958) have seen young nymphs of _Gromphadorhina portentosa_ also stay near their mother for some time after birth; the mother at this time produced a characteristic hissing sound when she was only slightly disturbed by the movement of our hand near her and her brood. The sound is produced as air is expelled through the second abdominal spiracle. We have seen recently hatched nymphs of _Nauphoeta cinerea_ crawl beneath the mother, even under her wings, where they remained about an hour (Willis et al., 1958). Bunting (1956) observed a female of _Blaberus discoidalis_ collect a mound of debris into which she inserted the tip of her abdomen; he found young in the mound later the same day. This female showed no maternal care for the young after birth. Whole families of cockroaches may be found in bromeliads in Brazil (Ohaus, 1900). Hebard (1920) observed a colony of adults and young of _Dendroblatta sobrina_ on a tree trunk in the Panama Canal Zone.