The Biotic Associations of CockroachesRoth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Science
The Biotic Associations of Cockroaches
Roth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Cockroaches; Insects -- Ecology
_Trinidad._--This species was taken from the leaf bases of _Tillandsia_
sp. at 3,100 feet; water had collected between the leaves and the insect
was presumed to be more or less amphibious (Scott, 1912). Subaquatic in
the bromeliad _Glomeropitcairnia erectiflora_: "This large and handsome
species [_D. scotti_] is very common in the larger, water-filled,
epiphytic bromeliads of the rain forest. Within these plants it is
usually to be found, often in considerable numbers, just above the
surface of the water or partly immersed in it. The cockroaches will
descend rapidly into the water when alarmed and probably obtain their
nourishment from the accumulated organic matter in the water. Floating
material is probably taken and it seems less likely that they feed below
the surface. They appear to be ovoviviparous." (Princis and Kevan,
1955.)
=Epilampra abdomen-nigrum=
_Puerto Rico._--Abundant in wet "malojillo" meadows. The nymphs swim
easily and remain under water for long periods, as do the adults (Seín,
1923; Wolcott, 1950).
_Panama._--A swimming nymph, captured in a dipper with mosquito larvae
in a lagoon of the Rio Chilibre, was kept under observations in an
aquarium. If disturbed, the insect dived into the water from floating
vegetation and swam rapidly below the surface for a minute or two.
Finally becoming quiescent, the cockroach would then cling to submerged
roots; twice it remained still for 15 minutes before climbing to the
surface, where it remained for five or more minutes before emerging
completely (Crowell, 1946).
=Epilampra annandalei=
_Lower Burma._--One male and three nymphs were collected in the Dawna
Hills by Annandale who made the following observations: "The wingless
specimens were under stones in a jungle stream and behaved just as the
one I obtained in Chota, Nagpur, did [Annandale, 1906]. The winged
specimen was under a stone at the edge of the stream, but swam readily.
It did not seem so much at home in the water, however, and apparently
could not, owing to the wings, raise the tip of its abdomen above the
surface." (Shelford, 1909a.)
=Epilampra= sp.
_Siamese Malay States._--Wingless females rested on floating logs from
which they would dive into the water upon the least disturbance; they
remained under water for several minutes, then surfaced beneath the
shelter of the log. In the jungle all females were taken either in the
water or among matted roots on the sides of the stream. Winged males
were seen rising from the surface of the water (Annandale, 1900).
_Sarawak._--All specimens were immature; they swam and dived well, but
were soon drowned if prevented from rising to the surface to breathe.
"When at rest the body of the cockroach is almost entirely submerged,
the tip of the abdomen alone projecting above the surface of the water;
the abdomen moves gently up and down and every 30-40 seconds a bubble of
air issues from the prothoracic spiracle on each side." (Shelford, 1901,
1916.)
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