_Brazil._--These cockroaches were found under stones at the side of a rocky stream at Ouro Preto. When disturbed they ran down under the surface of the water and hid under stones at the bottom. When thrown on the water surface, they were helpless, and to get beneath the water surface they had to walk down some object. When they had penetrated the surface film they could swim freely. Specimens kept in jars lived several days with only a portion of their abdomens exposed to the air. (Bristowe, 1925.) OUTDOOR HABITATS This category is a catchall for all cockroaches that are not limited to the more circumscribed habitats that have been previously considered. Some cockroaches in this section select specific microhabitats (e.g., _Cryptocercus_ spp., which live exclusively in rotten logs; and _Neoblattella dryas_, _N. eurydice_, and _N. grossbecki_ in bromeliads). Others are found in a wide variety of habitats (e.g., _Ischnoptera deropeltiformis_ and _Parcoblatta_ spp.). But some species are so little known that their actual habitats are barely suggested in the collection data. Williams (1941) made an ecological study of the floor fauna of the Panama rain forest. He found Orthoptera (nearly all were unidentified nymphal cockroaches) in the litter of dead leaves, twigs, and other plant products in over 90 percent of the quadrats he examined. These insects represented about 0.25 percent of the total animal population. Delamare Deboutteville (1948) made a quantitative study of the animal population in suspended soil that had accumulated between the roots of forest epiphytes of the lower Ivory Coast. He analyzed 2 dm.^3 samples of soil from an epiphyte located 45 meters above ground on a main branch of _Parinarium_, with these results: _Horizon A._--Superficial zone of large rootlets, 6 cm. deep: 2 cockroaches, 4 arachnids, and 4 beetles. _Horizon B._--Zone of fine rootlets, 6 cm. deep: 6 cockroaches and numerous other arthropods. _Horizon C._--Humid zone, 8 cm. deep: 7 cockroaches and numerous other arthropods. Plants, such as _Palissota_, were also living in this very original biotype.