The Biotic Associations of CockroachesRoth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Science
The Biotic Associations of Cockroaches
Roth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Cockroaches; Insects -- Ecology
A household pest in the East Indies (Karny, 1925); Philippine Islands
(Uichanco, 1953); Tanganyika (Smith, 1955); Trinidad, eight records
indoors (Princis and Kevan, 1955). It is also a greenhouse pest (Hebard,
1917; Zappe, 1918; Doucette and Smith, 1926; Saupe, 1928; Roeser,
1940). Common in or around chicken batteries and yards in Hawaii
(Schwabe, 1949).
=Supella supellectilium=
Domiciliary wherever distributed (Rehn, 1945), this species is
especially difficult to control because of its apparently nonselective
dispersal throughout dwellings. For example, Mallis (1954) observed in
Texas that it was widely distributed throughout the apartment and was
probably the most common cockroach seen in the bedroom; its favorite
harborages were beneath and behind corner braces on kitchen chairs,
underneath tables, behind pictures and other objects on walls, and in
shower stalls; its oöthecae were commonly fastened on walls and ceilings
throughout the house. Gould and Deay (1940) reported that this species
prefers high locations, such as shelves in closets, behind pictures, and
picture molding; oöthecae were found about kitchen sink, desks, tables,
and other furniture, and even in bedding. Hafez and Afifi (1956) stated
that the adult wanders in nearly all rooms of the house and only visits
the kitchen when searching for food; it hides in cupboards, pantries,
closets, bookshelves, drawers, and behind picture frames; the nymphs
normally hide in the corners of drawers, behind frames, and in similar
situations.
=Symploce bicolor=
_Puerto Rico._--In houses, Sardinera Beach, Mona Island (Ramos, 1946).
=Symploce hospes=
_North American Tropics._--Domiciliary, but not exclusively so, and
apparently widely distributed (Hebard, 1917). In Florida, as
_Ischnoptera rufescens_, found in a greasy cupboard (Rehn and Hebard,
1914).
_Hawaii._--Illingworth (1915).
SHIPS
Sailing ships have long been notorious for their unwelcome hordes of
cockroaches, and it was by ship that at least 11 domiciliary species
migrated from their centers of origin to other parts of the world (Rehn,
1945). Over 40 nondomiciliary species have been carried by ship from the
American Tropics to other parts of the world in cargoes of bananas (p.
146). In addition to these, other adventive cockroaches appear from time
to time in ports to which they have been carried by ships. Yet by far
the most numerous cockroaches on shipboard are the breeding populations
of a few common domiciliary pests. Except in the most rigorously
disinsectized ships, this commerce in cockroaches has continued to the
present day.
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