The Bird Study BookPearson, T. Gilbert (Thomas Gilbert)
Science
The Bird Study Book
Pearson, T. Gilbert (Thomas Gilbert)
Birds; Birds -- Conservation
"What their track is over that eleven thousand miles of intervening
space no one knows. A few scattered individuals have been noted along
the United States coast south to Long Island, but the great flocks of
thousands and thousands of these Terns which range from pole to pole
have never been noted by ornithologists competent to indicate their
{74} preferred route and their time schedule. The Arctic Terns arrive
in the Far North about June fifteenth and leave about August
twenty-fifth, thus staying fourteen weeks at the nesting site. They
probably spend a few weeks longer in the winter than in the summer
home, and this would leave them scarcely twenty weeks for the round
trip of twenty-two thousand miles. Not less than one hundred and fifty
miles in a straight line must be their daily task, and this is
undoubtedly multiplied several times by their zigzag twistings and
turnings in pursuit of food.
"The Arctic Tern has more hours of daylight and sunlight than any other
animal on the globe. At the most northern nesting site the midnight
sun has already appeared before the birds' arrival, and it never sets
during their entire stay at the breeding grounds. During two months of
their sojourn in the Antarctic the birds do not see a sunset, and for
the rest of the time the sun dips only a little way below the horizon
and broad daylight is continuous. The birds, therefore, have
twenty-four hours of daylight for at least {75} eight months in the
year, and during the other four months have considerably more daylight
than darkness."
_Perils of Migration._--The periods of migration are fraught with
numerous perils for the travelling hosts. Attracted and blinded by the
torches of lighthouses, multitudes of birds are annually killed by
striking against lighthouse towers in thick, foggy weather. The keeper
of the Cape Hatteras light once showed me a chipped place in the lens
which he said had been made by the bill of a great white Gannet which
one thick night crashed through the outer protecting glass of the
lighthouse lamp. As many as seven hundred birds in one month have
killed themselves by flying against the Bartholdi Statue of Liberty in
New York Harbour. As its torch is no longer lighted the death-rate
here has been greatly reduced, although some birds are still killed by
flying against the statue. Many were formerly killed by striking the
Washington Monument, the record for one night being one hundred and
fifty dead birds.
{76}
Locomotive engineers have stated that in foggy weather birds often hurl
themselves against the headlight and frequently their bodies are later
picked up from the engine platform beneath. Birds seem rarely to lose
their sense of direction, and they pursue their way for hundreds of
miles across the trackless ocean. Terns, Gulls, and Murres are known
to go many miles in quest of food for their young and return through
dense fogs with unerring directness to their nests.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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