PAGE OR FACING PAGE. Hepburn’s Leucosticte (Color-plate) Frontispiece Northern Raven (Half-tone) 3 American Magpie (Half-tone) 25 Bullock Orioles (Color-plate) 52 Western Evening Grosbeaks (Color-plate) 68 Audubon Warbler (Color-plate) 182 Townsend Warblers, Male and Female (Half-tone) 191 Tolmie Warblers (Half-tone) 199 Golden Warbler (Color-plate) 208 Chestnut-backed Chickadee (Half-tone) 283 Violet-green Swallow (Color-plate) 346 Calliope Hummers (Color-plate) 400 Gairdner Woodpecker (Half-tone) 425 Red-breasted Sapsucker (Color-plate) 434 The Birds of Washington VOL. I. Description of Species Nos. 1-181 _Corvidæ_—The Crows and Jays No. 1. NORTHERN RAVEN. A.O.U. No. 486a. Corvus corax principalis Ridgw. Synonym.—Formerly called the American Raven. Description.—Color uniform lustrous black; plumage, especially on breast, scapulars and back, showing steel-blue or purplish iridescence; feathers of the throat long, narrow, pointed, light gray basally; primaries whitening at base. Length two feet or over, female a little smaller; wing 17.00-18.00 (438); tail 10.00 (247); bill 3.20 (76.5); depth of bill at nostril 1.00 (28.5); tarsus 2.68 (68). Recognition Marks.—Large size,—about twice as big as a Crow; long rounded tail; harsh croaking notes; uniform black coloration. Indistinguishable afield from _sinuatus_. Nesting.—_Nest_: a large but compact mass of sticks, lined with grass, wool, cow-hair, etc., placed high in fir trees or upon inaccessible cliffs. _Eggs_: 4-7 (8 of record), usually 5, pale bluish green or olive, spotted, blotched, and dashed with greenish brown and obscure lilac or purple. Av. size, 1.90 × 1.33 (48.26 × 33.78). _Season_: April 15; one brood. General Range.—“Arctic and Boreal Provinces of North America; south to Eastern British Provinces, portions of New England, and Atlantic Coast of United States, higher Alleghenies, region of the Great Lakes, western and northern Washington, etc.” (Ridgway). Range in Washington.—Found sparingly in the Cascade and Olympic Mountains, more commonly along the Pacific Coast. Migrations.—Resident but wide ranging.