[132]The name is written with the sign of the scorpion, but we do not know how it was pronounced. [133]Alexander Scharff, “Archaeologische Beitraege zur Frage der Entstehung der Hieroglyphenschrift,” _Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-Hist. Abt._ (1942), Heft 3, 10, n. 17. Gunn, _Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Egypte_, XXVI, 177 ff., had seen in the _rekhyt_ the people from Lower Egypt. Gardiner, _Ancient Egyptian Onomastica_, I, 100-8, discussed the use of the word at length and hesitated to accept Gunn’s conclusion because in later times they are not confined to Lower Egypt; but by then the term, and the use of the lapwing sign, had become purely conventional. [134]We confine ourselves to this, the most obvious, aspect of the Narmer palette as a work of art. But its extraordinary significance for the history of art has recently been fully discussed by H. A. Groenewegen-Frankfort, _Arrest and Movement, An Essay on Space and Time in the Representational Art of the Ancient Near East_ (London and Chicago, 1951), 20-3. [135]For the unique features of this scene see H. A. Groenewegen-Frankfort, _op. cit._, 19. [136]The so-called Bull and Lion palettes. See Capart, _Primitive Art in Egypt_, 238, Fig. 177; 242, Fig. 181; or Frankfort, _Kingship and the Gods_, Figs. 27 and 28 and 91 ff. [137]The evidence for the early date is linguistic. Junker’s view on the date of the text is ill-founded. See Frankfort, _op. cit._, 352, n. 1. In chapter ii of this work English renderings of the major part of the Memphite Theology are given. [138]In recent excavations at Saqqara, W. B. Emery has discovered the tombs of high officials of the kings of the First Dynasty, but there is no evidence, as far as I can see, that there were royal tombs there. [139]Frankfort, _Kingship and the Gods_, chapter ii. [140]The reader conversant with the role of Osiris in the Egyptian theory of kingship may here be reminded of the fact that the “Interment of Osiris” was localized in the “Royal Castle” by the Memphite Theology, and that this interment, as well as the resurrection of Osiris in the Djed pillar, was annually performed at Memphis. [141]Frankfort, _op. cit._, 19-23. [142]See G. M. Morant, “Study of Egyptian Craniology from Prehistoric to Roman Times.” _Biometrika_, XVII (1925), 1-52.