Produced by Jason Isbell, Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net THE BIRTH OF YUGOSLAVIA BY HENRY BAERLEIN VOLUME I LONDON LEONARD PARSONS DEVONSHIRE STREET _First Published 1922_ _[All Rights Reserved]_ LEONARD PARSONS LTD. Portions of this book which deal with Yugoslav-Albanian affairs have appeared in the _Fortnightly Review_ and, expanded from there, in a volume entitled _A Difficult Frontier_. NAMES AND PRONUNCIATION The original Serbo-Croat names of the Dalmatian towns and islands have been commonly supplanted on the German-made maps by later Italian names. But as the older ones are those which are at present used in daily speech by the vast majority of the inhabitants, we shall not be accused of pedanticism or of political bias if we prefer them to the later versions. We therefore in this book do not speak of Fiume but of Rieka, not of Cattaro but of Kotor, and so forth. In other parts a greater laxity is permissible, since no false impression is conveyed by using the non-Slav version. Thus we have preferred the more habitual Belgrade to the more correct Beograd, and the Italian Scutari to the Albanian Shqodra. The Yugoslavs themselves are too deferential towards the foreign nomenclature of their towns. Thus if one of them is talking to you of Novi Sad he will almost invariably add, until it grows rather wearisome, the German and the Magyar forms: Neu Satz and Uj Videk. These names and those of persons have been generally spelt in accordance with Croat orthography--that is to say, with the Latin alphabet modified in order to reproduce all the sounds of the Serbo-Croatian language. This script, with its diacritic marks, was scientifically evolved at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The chief points about it that we have to remember are that c is pronounced as if written ts, ć as if written tch, č is pronounced ch, š is pronounced sh, and j is pronounced y. So the Montenegrin towns Cetinje, Podgorica and Nikšić are pronounced as if written Tsetinye, Podgoritsa and Nikshitch, while Pančevo is pronounced Panchevo. It will be seen that this matter is not very complicated. But we have not in every case employed the Croat script. We have not spoken in this book of Jugoslavia but of Yugoslavia, since that has come to be the more familiar form. The full list of Croat letters, in so far as they differ from the English alphabet, is as follows: c, whose English value is ts. ć, " " " tch. č, " " " ch, as in church. š, " " " sh. ž, " " " s, as in measure. dž, " " " j, as in James. gj (or dj), " " " j, " " j, " " " y, as in you. lj, " " " li, as in million. nj, " " " ni, as in opinion. PREFACE