African Americans -- History; Slavery -- United States -- History
In the same vein, Abigail Adams wrote her husband: "It always appeared a
most iniquitous scheme to me to fight ourselves for what we are daily
robbing and plundering from those who have as good a right to freedom as
we have." Perhaps the most radical statement was made by the Reverend
Isaac Skillman in 1773. Again, comparing the struggle of the colonists
with that of the slaves, he said that it was in conformity with natural
law that a slave could rebel against his master.
In 1774 the Continental Congress did agree to a temporary termination of
the importation of Africans into the colonies, but, in reality, this was
a tactical blow against the British slave trade and not an attack against
slavery itself. In an early draft of the Declaration of Independence,
the British king was attacked for his in involvement in the slave trade,
and he was charged with going against human nature by violating the
sacred rights of life and liberty. However, this section was deleted.
Apparently, Southern delegates feared that this condemnation of the
monarch reflected on them as well.
Although neither slavery nor the slave trade was mentioned in the
Declaration, it did maintain that all men were created equal and endowed
with the right of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This
seeming ambivalence concerning the future of slavery on the part of the
Continental Congress left Samuel Johnson's ironic question about American
hypocrisy unanswered. From a logical point of view, the Declaration of
Independence either affirmed the freedom of the African immigrant, or it
denied his humanity. Because each state continued almost as a separate
sovereign entity, the Declaration of Independence became a philosophical
abstraction, and the status of the African in America was determined
independently by each.
Lord Dunmore, the British governor of Virginia, put teeth into Johnson's
bitter question. In 1775 he offered to grant freedom to any slave who
ran away from his master and joined the British army. Earlier that year,
in spite of the fact that both slaves and free men had served at
Lexington and Concord, the colonists had shown an increasing reluctance
to have any blacks serving in their Army. The Council of War, under
Washington's leadership, had unanimously rejected the enlistment of
slaves and, by a large majority, it had opposed their recruitment
altogether. However, the eager response of many slaves to Lord Dunmore's
invitation gradually compelled the colonists to reconsider their stand.
Although many colonists felt that the use of slaves was inconsistent with
the principles for which the Army was fighting, all the colonies, with
the exception of Georgia and South Carolina, eventually recruited slaves
as well as freedmen. In most cases, slaves were granted their freedom at
the end of their military service. During the war some five thousand
blacks served in the Continental Army with the vast majority coming from
the North.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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