It has been left to the Turk, however, in more recent years, to carry on the ferocious traditions of his creed, and to distinguish himself by excesses which have never been equaled by any of the tribes enrolled under the banner of the Prophet, either in ancient or modern times. The following is a partial list of Turkish massacres from 1822 up till 1904: 1822 Chios, Greeks 50,000 1823 Missolonghi, Greeks 8,750 1826 Constantinople, Jannisaries 25,000 1850 Mosul, Assyrians 10,000 1860 Lebanon, Maronites 12,000 1876 Bulgaria, Bulgarians 14,700 1877 Bayazid, Armenians 1,400 1879 Alashguerd, Armenians 1,250 1881 Alexandria, Christians 2,000 1892 Mosul, Yezidies 3,500 1894 Sassun, Armenians 12,000 1895-96 Armenia, Armenians 150,000 1896 Constantinople, Armenians 9,570 1896 Van, Armenians 8,000 1903-04 Macedonia, Macedonians 14,667 1904 Sassun, Armenians 5,640 ------- Total 328,477 To this must be added the massacre in the province of Adana in 1909, of thirty thousand Armenians. So imminent and ever-present was the peril, and so fresh the memory of these dire events in the minds of the non-Mussulman subjects of the sultan, that illiterate Christian mothers had fallen into the habit of dating events as so many years before or after “such and such a massacre.” CHAPTER II GLADSTONE AND THE BULGARIAN ATROCITIES In the list of massacres antedating the colossal crimes which have come under my own personal observation, is cited the killing of 14,700 Bulgarians in 1876. This butchery of a comparatively few—from a Turkish view-point—Bulgarians, some fifty years ago, provoked a splendid cry of indignation from Gladstone. As this narrative develops and reaches the dark days of 1915 to 1922, during which period whole nations were wiped out by the ax, the club and the knife, and the Turk at last found the opportunity to give full vent to his evil passions, it will appear that no similarly effective protest has issued from the lips of any European or American statesman. The curious feature is that, owing to the propaganda carried on by the hunters of certain concessions, an anti-Christian and pro-Turk school has sprung up in the United States. In _A Short History of the Near East_, Professor William Stearns Davis, of the University of Minnesota, referring to the Bulgarian atrocities of 1876, says: